Application of vehicle controller in new energy vehicles (hydrogen fuel cells)

1. Introduction to hydrogen fuel cells:
Hydrogen is a substance with abundant reserves in the universe, accounting for 75% of the weight of the universe's chemical elements. Although hydrogen is rare in the atmosphere due to its extremely low density, it is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust, and most of it exists in the form of compounds, such as hydrocarbons and water. We can easily extract hydrogen from these compounds using some mature technologies. Among these technologies, chemical reforming of fossil fuels produces about 90% of the world's hydrogen, and the rest is mostly produced by electrolysis. Using renewable energy such as solar and wind energy to produce hydrogen, as well as using biotechnology to produce hydrogen, is considered a better solution for the future. Each hydrogen production method has its advantages and disadvantages at this stage, and needs to be determined based on the economic characteristics of the location.

Hydrogen is a very active gas and is a flammable gas with an explosion limit of 4%-75%. Hydrogen is widely used in industry, such as petroleum refining, glass production, synthetic ammonia, coolant for large generator sets, semiconductor industry, aerospace industry, etc.

2. Advantages of hydrogen fuel cells:
High efficiency: The efficiency of fuel cells can be more than twice that of internal combustion engines.
Clean: In addition to electricity and heat, fuel cells only generate pure water, without carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfides. On the other hand, unlike lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, fuel cells are simple to post-process and will not damage our groundwater and soil.
Quiet: There are almost no moving parts, no vibration, and very little noise.
Reliability: There is no mechanical wear on the battery, and no key components need to be replaced regularly. Fuel cells generally do not suddenly break and interrupt output. There is no self-discharge when not in use (no so-called shelf life). Compared with batteries, it has a wider operating temperature range and environmental adaptability. ?
High energy density: Depending on the amount of fuel carried, proton exchange membrane fuel cells can achieve energy density several times that of all current mainstream batteries (including lithium batteries).
Compared with pure electric vehicles, what is the difference between fuel cell electric vehicles?
They all use electricity to drive the motor and then drive the car. The difference between fuel cell vehicles and pure electric vehicles is that the electricity used by the former is emitted by hydrogen provided from the outside, while the latter consumes the electricity stored in the battery. For fuel cell vehicles, we only need to add hydrogen like refueling to increase the mileage, while pure electric vehicles require frequent and long-term charging.

3. Application cases of Changsha Shuobo Electronics controllers and displays in hydrogen energy vehicles

Hydrogen fuel cells are the core components of hydrogen battery cars. Their main function is to convert the chemical energy generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. Generally, the power generation device is packaged into an independent device, which inputs hydrogen and oxygen and outputs electrical energy. This independent device is called a reactor.

Hydrogen battery reactor system block diagram

Reactors used in passenger and freight vehicles generally require two controllers, one to directly control the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the other to monitor the safety of the reactor in the periphery, such as radiators, water pumps, etc., and to read the internal controller data and communicate with the vehicle travel system. In a reactor developed and produced by a customer of Shuobo Electronics, the internal controller uses a STW controller with more than 100 control points, and the peripheral controller uses the D20N24 series controller developed by Changsha Shuobo Electronics. Changsha Shuobo Electronics' 7-inch touch true color display is mainly used to monitor reactor data. In small reactors, one controller can also be used directly to complete internal reaction control and peripheral safety control.