Working principle and structural composition of servo motor

The concept of servo motor

A servo motor is a motor suitable for precision motion control. It uses a feedback control system to achieve high-precision control of parameters such as position, speed, and acceleration. Compared with traditional ordinary motors and stepper motors, servo motors have higher performance in terms of motion smoothness, positioning accuracy, speed control, and repeatability.

Servo motors are often used in applications that require high-precision motion control, such as machine tools, printing equipment, automated design, and industrial automation, and have been widely used in intelligent manufacturing technology in recent years.

Servo motors are used in conjunction with controllers to achieve high-precision processing and positioning of workpieces through precision control of motion parameters and precise positioning. Currently, with the development of intelligent manufacturing and industrial automation, the application scope of servo motors will become more and more extensive.

Working Principle of Servo Motor

A servo motor is a motor that can perform precise positioning and speed control. It usually consists of three parts: a motor, an encoder, and a controller. Its basic working principle is as follows:

1. Encoder detects position and speed information

The servo motor has a built-in high-precision encoder that can detect the motor's rotation angle and speed with high precision. The encoder reads the motor's rotation angle signal and feeds back to the controller, thereby controlling the motor to rotate accurately to the target position.

2. Controller processes feedback signal

The controller receives feedback from the encoder and makes adjustments to precisely control the speed and direction of the motor.

3. Achieve precise control

The servo motor provides precise position and speed information feedback, and the controller can accurately control the rotation of the motor to achieve the required speed and position.

In addition, servo motors have the following advantages:

1. High precision

Servo motors can achieve high-precision control to meet applications with high precision requirements.

2. Fast response

The servo motor has the characteristics of fast response and can adjust the speed and position in a short time to complete the work task quickly.

3. Strong adaptability

Servo motors usually use feedback control technology, so they have good load capacity and can maintain stable operation even when the load changes greatly.

4. Low energy consumption

Compared with traditional motors, servo motors can adjust the motor speed in real time according to the load, so they can greatly reduce energy consumption when there is no load.

Functional characteristics of servo motors

Compared with ordinary motors, servo motors have the following functional characteristics:

1. High-precision position and speed control capabilities.

Servo motors allow high-precision control of position and speed, often to a very high degree of accuracy.

2. High-speed response capability.

The servo motor has the advantage of fast response, and can adjust the speed and position in a short time to complete the work task quickly.

3. Good load adaptability.

Servo motors usually use feedback control technology to maintain a stable operating state even when the load changes greatly.

4. Efficient energy consumption control capability.

The servo motor has the ability to control energy consumption in real time and can adjust the motor speed in real time according to the load to avoid energy waste.

5. Multifunctional speed control.

Servo motors can adapt to the speed control requirements of different applications and can achieve multiple control modes, including position mode, speed mode and force mode.

6. Safe and reliable.

The built-in fault protection function of the servo motor can automatically detect and monitor abnormal situations and handle them in time to ensure safe and reliable operation of the equipment.

In short, servo motors can be widely used in fields requiring high precision, fast response, low energy consumption, safety and reliability through their functional characteristics such as high-precision position and speed control, multi-functional speed control, and efficient energy consumption control, and have broad application prospects.

The structure of the servo motor

The structure of a servo motor usually consists of the following three parts:

1. Motor: The driving part of the servo motor usually uses a brushless DC motor or an asynchronous motor.

2. Encoder: The encoder is used to return feedback signals to control the position and speed of the motor. Encoders usually include photoelectric encoders and magnetic encoders, among which the performance of photoelectric encoders is more stable and reliable.

3. Controller: The controller is mainly responsible for converting external motion commands into electrical energy signals and controlling the motor's parameters such as position, speed and acceleration with high precision.

In addition, servo motors are usually equipped with auxiliary components such as sensors, reducers, connecting rods, etc. to meet the requirements of different applications. For example, in machine tool processing, servo motors are usually equipped with components such as linear slide guides and ball screws to achieve high-precision CNC processing.

It should be noted that servo motors are usually used in applications that require high-precision motion control, such as machine tools, printing equipment, automation design and industrial automation. The operation and installation of their applications need to be carried out in accordance with corresponding guidelines and specifications.

The main function of servo motor

The main function of the servo motor is to provide a power source in situations where high-precision motion control is required, and to achieve high-precision control of parameters such as position, speed and acceleration by using a feedback control system. It can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and is used to drive precision motion in machine tools, printing equipment, automation design, industrial automation and other fields.

Compared with traditional ordinary motors and stepper motors, servo motors have higher performance in terms of motion stability, positioning accuracy, speed control and repeatability. It has the following main functions:

1. High-precision motion control: The feedback control system of the servo motor can achieve high-precision control of parameters such as position, speed and acceleration. It has high control accuracy, high positioning accuracy and smooth motion, which can meet various applications with high-precision requirements.

2. Sensitive response: The servo motor can quickly respond to external input signals and can achieve high-precision position and speed changes in a short time. This makes the servo motor advantageous in applications where high-speed movement and fast response are required.

3. Multiple control mode selection: Servo motors can adopt a variety of control methods, such as PWM control, PI control and PID control, and are flexible in control mode selection and parameter setting, and can achieve different motion control effects in different application scenarios.

In short, the main function of servo motors is to provide high-precision motion control, and they are suitable for applications that require high-precision motion control.