Working principle and working process of ADAS system

1. What are the components of advanced driver assistance systems?

Advanced Driving Assistance System, also known as ADAS, is a vehicle-mounted system that increases the comfort and safety of car driving. The structure of the ADAS system is generally divided into three parts:

1. GPS module and CCD camera detection module

The GPS receiver receives GPS satellite signals, obtains the latitude and longitude coordinates, speed, time and other information of the vehicle, and uses CCD cameras installed at the front and rear of the vehicle to observe the conditions on both sides of the road in real time, determine the occurrence of danger and make judgments and operations based on the danger. During the driving process, different dangerous conditions appear, and the driving assistance system can make correct and accurate operations according to different driving conditions based on the information obtained from GPS and CCD cameras.

2. Communication module

The communication module can send the detected relevant information and transmit driving information in real time between cars approaching each other. It is formed by the interaction of wireless terminals installed on the cars and does not require support from other wired and wireless networks. Cars equipped with advanced driver assistance systems are mobile nodes in the mobile network and can freely join or leave the network. All mobile nodes run in a distributed manner and have routing functions. Using certain protocols, the mobile nodes themselves can discover and maintain the routes of other nodes.

3. Control module

The control module can take active control when an accident is about to happen, thus avoiding the accident. When the vehicle information transmitted by the communication module enters the vehicle controller in the car, the obtained data will be analyzed and processed. If the result of the analysis is safe, no measures will be taken; when the result of the analysis shows a warning, active preventive measures will be taken.

2. Working Principle of ADAS System

The principle of the ADAS system is very simple. Through the various sensors installed on the car (millimeter wave radar, lidar, monocular and binocular cameras, and satellite navigation), it can sense the surrounding environment at any time during the driving process of the car, collect data, identify, detect and track static and dynamic objects, and combine navigation map data to perform systematic calculations and analysis, so that the driver can be aware of possible dangers in advance or take proactive measures to prevent danger.

3. Working process of ADAS system

The working process of the general ADAS system is also divided into three steps:

1. Information Collection

Different systems require different types of automotive sensors, including millimeter-wave radar, ultrasonic radar, infrared radar, lidar, CCD CMOS image sensor and wheel speed sensor, to collect the working status of the vehicle and its parameter changes, and convert the constantly changing mechanical movement into electronic parameters (voltage, resistance and current).

2. Information analysis and instruction issuance

The electronic control unit (ECU) analyzes and processes the information collected by the sensor, and then issues action instructions to the controlled actuator.

3. Execute actions

Systems including throttle, brakes, lights, and sounds all fall within the scope of actuators, and will perform various response actions based on the signals output by the ECU to allow the car to drive safely on the road.