Sensor Basics and Common Terms

1. Sensor: A device or apparatus that can sense the specified measured quantity and convert it into a usable output signal according to a certain rule. It usually consists of a sensitive element and a conversion element.

① The sensitive element refers to the part of the sensor that can directly (or respond to) the measured quantity.

② The conversion element refers to the part of the sensor that can convert the quantity sensed (or responded to) by the sensitive element into an electrical signal for transmission and (or) measurement.

③ When the output is a specified standard signal, it is called a transmitter.

2. Measuring range: The range of measured values ​​within the allowable error limit.

3. Range: The algebraic difference between the upper and lower limits of the measuring range.

4. Accuracy: The degree of consistency between the measured measurement result and the true value.

5. Repeatability: The degree of consistency between the results of multiple consecutive measurements of the same measured quantity under all the following conditions: the

same measurement method:

the same observer:

the same measuring instrument:

the same location:

the same conditions of use:

repeated in a short period of time.

6. Resolution: The minimum change in the measured quantity that the sensor can detect within the specified measurement range.

7. Threshold: The minimum change in the measured quantity that can produce a measurable change at the output of the sensor.

8. Zero: The state that makes the absolute value of the output the minimum, such as the equilibrium state.

9. Excitation: The external energy (voltage or current) applied to the sensor to make it work properly.

10. Maximum excitation: The maximum value of the excitation voltage or current that can be applied to the sensor under urban conditions.

11. Input impedance: The impedance measured at the input end of the sensor when the output end is short-circuited.

12. Output: The amount of electricity generated by the sensor as a function of the external measured quantity.

13. Output impedance: The impedance measured at the output end of the sensor when the input end is short-circuited.

14. Zero output: The output of the sensor when the applied measured quantity is zero under urban conditions.

15. Hysteresis: The maximum difference in the output when the measured value increases and decreases within a specified range.

16. Delay: The time delay of the output signal change relative to the input signal change.

17. Drift: The unwanted change in the output of a sensor that is unrelated to the measurement within a certain time interval.

18. Zero drift: The change in the zero output within a specified time interval and under indoor conditions.

19. Sensitivity: The ratio of the increment of the sensor output to the corresponding increment of the input.

20. Sensitivity drift: The change in the slope of the calibration curve caused by the change in sensitivity.

21. Thermal sensitivity drift: The sensitivity drift caused by the change in sensitivity.

22. Thermal zero drift: The zero drift caused by the change in ambient temperature.

23. Linearity: The degree to which the calibration curve is consistent with a certain limit.

24. Non-linearity: The degree to which the calibration curve deviates from a certain specified straight line.

25. Long-term stability: The ability of the sensor to remain within the allowable error within a specified time.

26. Intrinsic velocity: The free (no external force) oscillation velocity of the sensor when there is no resistance.

27. Response: The characteristic of the measured change during output.

28. Compensated Temperature Range: The temperature range compensated to keep the sensor in zero balance within the range and specified limits.

29. Creep: The change in output within a specified time when the environmental conditions of the measured machine remain constant.

30. Insulation Resistance: If not otherwise specified, it refers to the resistance measured between the specified insulating parts of the sensor when a specified DC voltage is applied at room temperature.