Let's take a look at the 400G optical module
400G optical modules are mainly used for photoelectric conversion. Electrical signals are converted into optical signals at the transmitting end and then transmitted through optical fibers. At the receiving end, optical signals are converted into electrical signals. The transmission rate of 400G optical modules is 400G. They are designed to adapt to the network market from 100M, 1G, 25G, 40G to 100G, 400G, and even 1T. 400G optical modules play a vital role and influence in building 400G network systems.
QSFP-DD
The full name of QSFP-DD is Quad Small Form Factor Pluggable-Double Density. This solution is an extension of the QSFP interface, which increases the original 4-channel interface by one row to 8 channels, the so-called double density. This solution is compatible with the QSFP solution, which is one of its main advantages. The original QSFP28 module can still be used, just plug in another module.
CFP8
CFP8 is an extension of CFP4, with the number of channels increased to 8 channels and the size correspondingly increased to 40 * 102 * 9.5 mm^3. This solution is more expensive and requires 16 25G lasers.
CWDM8
This standard is an extension of the CWDM4 standard, with a rate of 50G per wavelength, and can also reach 400G. Four new center wavelengths are added, namely 1351/1371/1391/1411nm. The wavelength range becomes wider, the requirements for Mux/DeMux are higher, and the number of lasers is doubled, with a maximum input power of 8.5dBm.
CDFP
The CDFP standard was born earlier, and the third edition of the specification has been released so far. It uses 16 channels, and the single-channel rate is 25G. Due to the large number of channels, the size is also relatively large.
COBO
COBO stands for consortium for on-board optics, which means that all optical components are placed on the PCB. The main advantages of this solution are good heat dissipation and small size. However, since it does not support hot swapping, it will be difficult to repair a module once it fails.
At OFC 2018, manufacturers launched QSFP-DD and OSFP at the exhibition. The advantages of these two solutions are the most prominent. However, which solution to use in the future also depends on the network architecture of the next-generation cloud computing operators.
Although only one optical chip is used in a 400G optical module, the cost is very high. In 10G/25G optical modules, the optical chip cost accounts for about 30%; in 40G/100G optical modules, the optical chip cost accounts for about 50%; and in 400G optical modules, the optical chip cost is as high as 70%.
Although 10G, 25G, 40G and even 100G optical modules have become the mainstream of the market, as the requirements for bandwidth, port density and system energy consumption continue to increase, 400G optical modules will further push the technology to a higher level of development.
Compared with 10G, 25G and 40G optical modules, the arrival of 400G optical modules will usher in a new era for optical communications. Optical communications are transforming from single-carrier modulation coherent detection of low-end optical modules to polarization multiplexing multi-carrier applications.
Photonic integration and electronic integration, ADC/DSP technology will become the key to the commercialization of 400G optical communication modules and systems. With the urgent need for Ethernet standardization, the demand for optical parallelization will greatly promote the development of photonic integration technology.
As we all know, 100G technology products have matured, and 400G is a hot topic of discussion. The industry is paying close attention to the progress of 400G optical modules. Today, the progress of 400G optical module development and mass production is relatively satisfactory. In the current market context, the demand for bandwidth in ultra-large data centers is growing, and 400G optical communication modules have become the best choice to improve system performance and reduce bandwidth costs. The emergence of 5G networks will become another positive factor in promoting the market value of 400G optical modules.
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