Image is one of the important information sources of human intelligent activities and the main media for human communication and understanding of the world. With the introduction of the concepts of information superhighway and digital earth, people\'s demand for image processing technology is increasing day by day. At the same time, the development of VLSI technology provides a broad platform for the application of image processing technology. Image processing technology is the basis of image recognition and analysis, so image processing technology is very important for the entire image engineering. The research on the implementation of image processing technology has important theoretical significance and practical value, including the improvement of traditional algorithms and the research on hardware implementation. The rise of bionic algorithms provides a very effective new way to solve image processing problems; the development of FPGA technology provides an effective platform for the hardware implementation of image processing. @@ Based on the detailed introduction of the neighborhood image processing algorithm and its data structure, the basic principles of genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm, this paper applies it to the image processing problems of image enhancement and image segmentation, and implements it with FPGA technology. In this paper, the genetic algorithm is used to adaptively determine the parameters of the nonlinear transformation function to enhance the image. In the process of using FPGA to implement it, the system is first divided into modules, mainly into initialization module, selection module, fitness module, control module, etc., and then the VHDL language is used to describe each functional module. In order to improve the design efficiency, the IP core is used for memory design, and the DSP Builder is used for mathematical operation processing. Timing control is the core of the entire system design. In order to avoid burrs as much as possible, the timing control of each module is implemented using a single-process Moore state machine. In the image segmentation link, the image segmentation problem is converted into a problem of finding the maximum entropy of the image. The ant colony algorithm is used to optimize the fitness function determined by the improved maximum entropy, and the design of each module for image segmentation based on FPGA and ant colony algorithm is introduced in detail. @@ The analysis of the experimental results shows that the use of genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm in digital image processing significantly improves the processing effect. In the entire design process of using FPGA to implement genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm, the parallel computing capability of FPGA and the application of pipeline technology are fully utilized to greatly improve the running speed of the algorithm. @@ Keywords: image processing; genetic algorithm; ant colony algorithm; FPGA
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