The steering mechanism of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) exhibits severe instabilities, which in most cases results in a “snaking” or swaying motion of the vehicle when the speed exceeds 5m/s. To address this, the steering controller needs to be able to address two main control objectives, the first being set point tracking and the other being load disturbance rejection. However, these two aspects are actually conflicting and cannot be achieved by a conventional one degree of freedom (1DOF) PID controller. The problem was solved by using a two degree of freedom (2DOF) PID controller. The three-wheeled AGV used in this project was modeled using a two-wheeled bicycle model to develop the transfer functions. The project design work was performed using MATLAB R2009a software application on a Windows 7 platform. This platform was chosen because the version of the application contains the necessary toolboxes to run the necessary simulations quickly and stably. The control strategy was developed and simulated in a SIMULINK environment using the Control Toolbox and the controller actions can be viewed, fine-tuned, and verified using the PID Tuner utility as it provides the ability to perform automatic tuning of the controller as required without the rigor involved in manual controller tuning. The simulation results show a great improvement in the final AGV steering controller action with a rise time and settling time of less than 1 second and an overshoot of less than 2% of the final value. The control strategies promoted in this work are reference tracking and disturbance rejection. This research will help stimulate further development of steering controllers suitable for automated guided vehicles and promote their use in our local industry.
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