Wideband digital reconnaissance receivers based on data rate conversion technology are required to achieve high intercept probability, high sensitivity, and near real-time signal processing capabilities. Dual-signal data rate conversion technology is one of the key technologies of wideband digital reconnaissance receivers. It is a feasible solution to solve the bottleneck problem between the high-speed data stream sampled by the front-end high-speed ADC and the processing speed of the back-end DSP in wideband digital receivers. Frequency measurement technology and bandpass filtering, namely wideband digital down-conversion technology, are key technologies for realizing data rate conversion systems. This paper first introduces data rate conversion technology, one of the key technologies of wideband digital reconnaissance receivers, and focuses on the study of fast, high-precision dual-signal frequency measurement algorithms and experimental system hardware implementation. The main work of the paper is as follows: (1) The signal characteristics in modern electronic reconnaissance environments are analyzed, and it is pointed out that wideband digital receivers must meet the requirements of wide monitoring bandwidth, flow operation, and near real-time response time. A frequency-guided digital receiver solution is proposed, and the key technologies of this receiver - fast, high-precision frequency estimation and efficient data rate conversion - are briefly introduced. (2) The application of FFT technology in frequency measurement algorithms is introduced, and FFT dedicated chips and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. It is pointed out that in order to meet real-time processing requirements, FPGA must be used to design FFT modules. (3) Based on the analysis of conventional interpolation algorithms, a fast interpolation frequency estimation method for a single signal is proposed. It only needs the real part of three FFT transform coefficients to construct the frequency correction term, and the calculation amount is low. This method has the characteristics of high accuracy and fast frequency measurement rate. (4) Based on DFT theory and autocorrelation theory, a dual-signal frequency estimation algorithm combining FFT and autocorrelation is proposed. This method first uses DFT to estimate the frequency and amplitude of one of the signals, demodulates the signal with this frequency and cancels the frequency component, and finally estimates the frequency of the other signal using autocorrelation theory. (5) Based on DFT theory and FFT technology, a dual-signal frequency estimation algorithm combining signal square and FFT is studied. According to the amplitude ratio of the two frequency components in the signal, only one one-dimensional square signal spectrum peak search is required to obtain the estimated values of the sum frequency and difference frequency components of the dual signal, and the interpolation technology is used to improve the frequency measurement accuracy. This algorithm can accurately estimate the frequency of dual signals with small frequency intervals, and can be easily extended to complex signals. It is easy to implement in FPGA hardware. (6) Based on modern spectrum analysis theory, a dual-signal frequency estimation algorithm based on AR(2) model is studied. The method uses the AR(2) model coefficients to estimate the sum of the frequencies of the dual sinusoidal signals, and uses the FFT fast frequency measurement algorithm to estimate the frequency value of the strong signal component. Algorithm simulation verification and performance analysis show that the proposed algorithm can estimate the dual signal frequencies quickly and accurately. (7) The FPGA hardware implementation architecture of radar dual signal frequency estimation based on the spectrum centroid algorithm is given, and timing simulation is performed. (8) The hardware design scheme of the dual signal bandwidth matching receiving system is discussed, and the design of the fast frequency measurement and bandwidth estimation module is given.
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