\"Computer Composition Principles\" is a core course in the Department of Computer Science. However, it covers a wide range of knowledge, including central processing units, instruction systems, storage systems, buses, and input and output systems. When students study this course, they generally find the content abstract and difficult to understand. However, with the help of the computer composition principle experimental system, students can further integrate the learning content through experimental links, master the working principles of each computer module, and the ins and outs of their relationships. In order to enhance the function of the experimental system, improve the flexibility of the system, and reduce the cost of the experiment, we use FPGA chip technology to completely update the existing calculator composition principle experimental platform. This technology can load different hardware logics written in VHDL language into the chip according to user requirements. FPGA chips have the ability to be repeatedly programmed, so that the functions of the hardware in the system can be programmed like software. This new system design concept called \"soft\" hardware makes the experimental system extremely flexible and adaptable. It not only makes the improvement and expansion of the system performance very simple and convenient, but also makes it possible for students to design different experiments by themselves. The ultimate goal of the computer composition principle experiment is to enable students to design CPUs, but first, students must know how the various functional components of the CPU work and how they cooperate with each other to form the CPU. Therefore, we must first design a hardware platform with FPGA chips as the core for teaching, and then develop a VHDL component library and main logical functions on this basis, and design a set of experiments. This paper focuses on the VHDL hardware system based on FPGA chips. Due to the high standardization and hardware description capabilities of VHDL, the main functions of modern CPUs such as calculation, storage, I/O operations, etc. can all be implemented by VHDL. At the same time, the experimental content is designed, including the composition and control principle experiment of the timing circuit, the composition and compound operation experiment of the eight-bit operator, the memory experiment, the data path experiment, the floating-point operator experiment, the multi-pipeline processor experiment, etc. These experiments form an interrelated system. Each experiment begins with the teacher explaining the principles and schematics. Students use MAX+PLUSII to complete the circuit input based on the schematics provided by the teacher. The student experiment actually involves writing VHDL. It does not need to be complicated. As long as the interface can be called, the program can be burned into the platform. This will not only save students from spending too much time drawing circuit diagrams, but also allow students to better understand the working principles and working processes of each component. The paper first studies and analyzes the FPGA hardware experimental platform, that is, the hardware composition of the experimental system. The system is composed of FPGA-XC4010EPC84, 62256CPLD and other peripheral chips (such as 74LS244, 74LS275). According to different experimental requirements, different experimental control logics are planned. Users can choose different experimental logics and construct their own experimental platform by downloading the experimental logic into the FPGA chip. Secondly, the paper elaborates on the VHDL modular design and how to use VHDL technology to implement each functional component of the CPU in turn. As an internationally standardized hardware description language, VHDL has been approved by IEEE in 1987 and has been revised twice in 1993 and 2001. So far, it has been adopted by many internationally renowned electronic design automation (EDA) tool developers and has been widely used in the field of digital system design and development along with EDA design tools. It has become a hardware design technology generally accepted by the electronics industry. Thirdly, the paper also makes an in-depth explanation and analysis of the more difficult problems such as multi-pipeline encountered in the experimental platform. What kind of experimental conditions, experimental content and steps do students need to understand the core technology used by today\'s CPUs and master the design and operation principles of CPUs. In addition, the background of this paper requires students to be familiar with basic VHDL knowledge or skills, because the experiment is completed under the premise of writing VHDL code. In a laboratory-based environment, this paper basically implements a relatively complete experimental platform solution based on FPGA. On this basis, some functions are tested and some performance aspects are analyzed. The research of this paper provides research ideas and reference solutions for the application of FPGA in actual systems. The research results of the paper will have important theoretical and practical significance for the further development of FPGA and VHDL standards.
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