The principle of gas sensors and their application in preventing coal mine gas explosions: The article introduces the hazards of gas explosions and the principles of gas explosions, analyzes the important role of gas sensors in preventing coal mine gas explosions, designs an application circuit for using gas sensors to prevent coal mine gas explosions, analyzes the working principle of the circuit, and determines the selection method, functional characteristics and performance indicators of each component of the circuit. Keywords: gas explosion; gas sensor; semiconductor; sensitive element 0 Introduction In recent years, major accidents caused by excessive gas concentration in coal mine production have often occurred, and each accident will cause casualties, bring huge losses to the national economy, and bring heavy disasters to the families of the casualties. Therefore, the prevention and control of gas is imminent. According to data, more than 80% of coal mine accidents in my country are gas explosion accidents. According to experts, coal mine gas explosions must meet three conditions: fire source, gas content between 5% and 16%, and oxygen. Mine gas explosion is a chain reaction. When the explosion mixture absorbs a certain amount of energy, the chain of the reaction molecules breaks and dissociates into two or more free radicals. This type of free radical has great chemical activity and becomes the activation center for the continuous reaction. Under suitable conditions, each free radical can be further decomposed to produce two or more free radicals. This cycle continues, with more and more free radicals and faster and faster chemical reactions, and finally it can develop into a combustion or explosive oxidation reaction. The high temperature and high pressure generated by the gas explosion prompts the gas near the explosion to impact outward at a great speed, causing casualties, destroying tunnels and equipment facilities, raising a large amount of coal dust and causing it to participate in the explosion, generating greater destructive power. In addition, a large amount of harmful gases are generated after the explosion, which can also cause poisoning and death. 2 Reliability and protection principle of gas sensors The reasonable application of semiconductor gas sensors in mine production can well prevent terrible disasters such as gas explosions. Semiconductor gas sensors have high sensitivity to low-concentration gases, have olfactory functions, and can automatically detect gas concentrations. Once the gas exceeds the limit, the gas sensor can automatically alarm, and then adopt the principle of extraction before mining to prevent the occurrence of gas explosion accidents. Semiconductor gas sensors use the oxidation and reduction reactions of the gas to be measured on the surface of the semiconductor to cause the resistance value of the sensitive element to change to detect the type and concentration of the gas. When the semiconductor device is heated to a stable state, when the gas contacts the semiconductor surface and is adsorbed, the adsorbed molecules first diffuse freely on the surface and lose kinetic energy. A part of the molecules is evaporated, and the other part of the residual molecules is thermally decomposed and fixed at the adsorption site. If the work function of the semiconductor is greater than the dissociation energy of the adsorbed molecules, the adsorbed molecules will release electrons to the device and form positive ion adsorption. Such as H2, CO, hydrocarbons, etc., are called reduced gases. When the reduced gas is adsorbed on the N-type semiconductor, the carriers increase, causing the semiconductor resistance value to decrease. Using this semiconductor gas sensor and the corresponding circuit, the following mine gas over-limit alarm circuit can be constructed.
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