_Flash performance and selection FLASH performance and selection There are many types of current memory, with different functions and uses, but according to the materials or storage principles used by the memory, the current memory can be divided into three types, namely semiconductors, magnetic media and organic plastics; semiconductors are used as Flash, mainly USB flash drives, solid-state hard drives, etc., which use PN nodes to store data signals; magnetic media are mainly hard drives, magnetic tapes, etc., which use magnetic signals to store data; organic plastics are mainly used as CDs, which rely on laser heads to burn on the surface of CDs to form tiny bumps to record data. Generally speaking, Flash can be divided into two categories, one is NAND type and the other is NOR type. NAND is NAND gate Flash, and NOR is NOR gate Flash. They all have the advantages of no data loss when power is off, large capacity, and low cost. Specifically, NAND specifications are flash memory, like hard disks, mainly for storing data, also known as DataFlash, with large chip capacity, and the current mainstream capacity has reached the Gb level; NOR specifications are similar to DRAM, mainly for storing program code, also known as CodeFlash, so it can be directly read by the microprocessor, but the chip capacity is low, and the mainstream capacity is about 512 Mb. Intel first developed NORflash technology in 1988, completely breaking the original situation dominated by EPROM and EEPROM. Then, in 1989, Toshiba released the NANDflash structure, emphasizing lower cost per bit, higher performance, and can be easily upgraded through the interface like a disk. The characteristics of NOR are fast reading speed, and the program code is executed in the chip (XIP, eXecute InPlace), that is, the application runs directly in the Flash, and there is no need to read the code into the system RAM. NOR has high transmission efficiency and is highly cost-effective in small capacities of 1 to 4MB, but its low write and erase speeds greatly limit its scope of use. NAND structure can provide extremely high cell density and can achieve high storage density. It is mainly divided into two types, namely SLC and MLC, which are two different types of NANDFL...
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