1 General 1.1 This regulation is the specific provisions for the operation and setting of relay protection in power systems, and the design, dispatching and operation departments related to relay protection in power systems should abide by it. 1.2 This regulation is the basic basis for the operation and setting of relay protection related to the coordination of power grid protection in the protection of lines, busbars, shunt capacitors, shunt reactors and transformers in 3~110kV power grids. High-frequency protection, circuit breaker failure protection, pilot wire longitudinal protection, etc. are set in accordance with DL/T559-94 \"Operation and Setting Regulations for Relay Protection Devices in 220~500kV Power Grids\". 1.3 According to the provisions of DL400-91 \"Technical Regulations for Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Devices\" (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), relay protection and automatic reclosing devices with reasonable structure, excellent quality and technical performance that meet the operation requirements are the material basis of power grid relay protection; correct operation and setting in accordance with the provisions of this regulation is a necessary condition to ensure the stable operation of the power grid and reduce the degree of damage to faulty equipment. 1.4 The setting of relay protection of 3~110kV power grid shall meet the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed. If the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed cannot be taken into account due to the power grid operation mode, device performance and other reasons, reasonable choices should be made in accordance with the following principles during setting: a. The regional power grid shall be subject to the main system power grid; b. The lower level power grid shall be subject to the upper level power grid; c. Local problems shall be resolved by themselves; d. The needs of the regional power grid and the lower level power grid shall be taken care of as much as possible; e. Power supply to important users shall be guaranteed. 1.5 Whether the relay protection device can fully play its role, whether the relay protection setting is reasonable, and whether the relay protection method can be simplified, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of safe operation of the power grid, is closely related to the operation mode of the power grid. To this end, the relay protection department and the dispatching and operation department shall coordinate and cooperate closely with each other. 1.6 The design and layout of relay protection and secondary circuits shall meet the requirements of safe operation of the power grid, and at the same time, they shall be convenient for setting, commissioning and operation and maintenance. 1.7 In order to improve the relay protection operation level of the power grid, the relay protection operation and setting personnel shall summarize the experience in time and put forward improvement opinions and requirements on the configuration and device performance of the relay protection. The relay protection operation management departments of each provincial bureau of the power grid may formulate relevant detailed rules for operation and setting according to the basic principles of this regulation so that the manufacturing, design and construction departments can follow them. 1.8 The handling of special modes of relay protection shall be approved by the chief engineer of the unit and the explanation shall be filed. 2 Basic principles for relay protection operation and setting 2.1 The relay protection of 3~110kV power grid shall meet the four basic requirements of reliability, selectivity, sensitivity and speed. The handling principles of special situations are shown in Article 1.4 of this regulation. 2.2 Reliability of relay protection. 2.2.1 The reliability of relay protection is mainly guaranteed by relay protection devices with reasonable configuration structure, excellent quality and technical performance that meet the operation requirements, as well as operation, maintenance and management that meet the requirements of relevant regulations. 2.2.2 No power equipment (power lines, busbars, transformers, etc.) is allowed to operate without protection. The operating power equipment should generally have two sets of independent protection devices acting on different circuit breakers and with specified sensitivity coefficients as the main protection and backup protection to ensure the safety of the power equipment. For special cases that do not meet the above requirements, they shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of Article 1.8 of this regulation. 2.2.3 The relay protection of 3~110kV power grid generally adopts the principle of remote backup, that is, when the relay protection installed at the circuit breaker near the fault point or the circuit breaker itself refuses to operate, the relay protection at the upper level circuit breaker on the power supply side can cut off the fault. 2.2.4 If there is no bus differential protection on the low-voltage side bus of the transformer, and the relay protection setting value of the high-voltage line on the power supply side does not have sufficient sensitivity coefficient for the low-voltage bus, the protection problem should be considered according to the following principles. a. If the overcurrent protection on the high-voltage side of the transformer has a sensitivity coefficient specified in the regulations for the low-voltage bus, the overcurrent protection configured on the low-voltage side circuit breaker and the high-voltage side circuit breaker of the transformer will become the main protection and backup protection of the low-voltage bus. In this case, it is required that the two sets of overcurrent protection be powered by different DC fuses. b. If the overcurrent protection on the high-voltage side of the transformer has no sensitivity coefficient for the low-voltage bus, two sets of completely independent overcurrent protection should be configured on the low-voltage side circuit breaker of the transformer as the main protection and backup protection of the low-voltage bus. In this case, it is required that the two sets of overcurrent protection be connected to different current transformers, powered by different DC fuses and act on the low-voltage side circuit breaker and the high-voltage side circuit breaker (or the circuit breakers on each side of the transformer) respectively. 2.2.5 For transformers with small grid-connected power sources connected to the medium and low voltage sides, if the overcurrent protection on the small power side of the transformer cannot reliably cut off the fault when the bus on the other side of the transformer fails, the protection device of the small power grid-connected line should cut off the fault. 2.2.6 For buses equipped with dedicated bus protection, there should also be line or transformer protection that meets the sensitivity coefficient requirements to achieve backup protection for the bus. 2.3 Selectivity of relay protection. 2.3.1 Selectivity means that the fault is firstly cleared by the protection of the faulty equipment or line itself. When the protection or circuit breaker of the faulty equipment or line itself refuses to operate, the protection of the adjacent equipment, line or circuit breaker failure protection is allowed to clear the fault. In order to ensure selectivity, the sensitivity coefficient and action time of the protection of adjacent equipment and line with coordination requirements and the two elements with coordination requirements in the same protection should be coordinated with each other under normal circumstances. 2.3.2 In the following cases, it is allowed to sacrifice some selectivity appropriately. a. For the terminal line connected to the power supply transformer, whether one or more transformers are operated in parallel (including multiple T-connected power supply transformers or power supply lines), the fast-acting section protection on the line side is allowed to be set to avoid the bus fault on the other side of the transformer. When necessary, the line fast-acting section protection can be operated after a short time limit. b. For the series power supply line, if the action time of the power supply side protection will be excessively extended according to the principle of step-by-step coordination, some intermediate substations with smaller capacity can be treated as T-connected substations or non-cooperative points to reduce the number of coordinated levels and shorten the action time. c. The coordination of the internal protection of the double-circuit line can be considered according to the conditions of the action of the main protection of the double-circuit line (such as the transverse differential protection), or the longitudinal action of the zero-sequence current (or phase current quick-break) protection on both sides when one of the double-circuit lines fails. If there are difficulties, it is allowed that there is a lack of coordination between the delayed protection sections of the two lines when one of the double-circuit lines fails. d. In the lines that constitute the ring network operation, it is allowed to set a predetermined disconnection point or a disconnection line. 2.3.3 The setting of the overcurrent protection on the power supply side of the transformer is mainly considered in principle to protect the safety of the transformer as the last level of tripping protection, and also serves as the backup protection for busbar and outgoing line faults on other sides. Its action time and sensitivity coefficient may not be selected as the first-level protection according to the situation, but the action time must be greater than the action time of all outgoing line backup protection (including adjacent and separated lines that the transformer overcurrent protection range may extend into). 2.3.4 When the line protection range extends to the busbar on the other side of the adjacent transformer, the coordination of the protection action time can be considered in the following order of priority: a. Coordinate with the action time of the backup protection pointing to the transformer on the same voltage side of the transformer; b. Coordinate with the action time of the backup protection on the other side of the transformer tripping the main circuit breaker on that side; When the line protection range of the next-level voltage power grid extends to the busbar on the other side of the upper voltage of the adjacent transformer, the coordination of the protection action time can also be considered in the following order of priority; c. Coordinate with the action time of the backup protection section of the outgoing line on the other side; d. Coordinate with the action time of the protection section with a sensitivity coefficient specified in the regulations of the outgoing line protection line on the other side. 2.4 Sensitivity of relay protection. 2.4.1 The setting value of the relay protection on the power supply side of the power equipment should have a specified sensitivity coefficient for the fault of the equipment itself, and at the same time, the setting value of the last section of the relay protection should strive to have a specified sensitivity coefficient for the fault of the adjacent equipment. 2.4.2 For 110kV power grid lines, considering the action sensitivity coefficient requirements in the case of possible high-resistance grounding faults, the current setting value of the last section of zero-sequence current protection should generally not be greater than 300A (primary value). At this time, the zero-sequence protection on both sides of the line is allowed to operate successively to clear the fault. 2.4.3 In the same set of protection devices, the sensitivity coefficients of auxiliary components such as locking, starting and direction discrimination should be greater than the sensitivity coefficients of the controlled protection measurement components. 2.5 Speed of relay protection. 2.5.1 The regional power grid meets the setting time requirements of the main grid, and the next-level voltage grid meets the setting time requirements of the previous-level voltage grid. If necessary, in order to ensure the safety of the main grid and power supply to important users, non-cooperation points should be set at appropriate places in the regional power grid or the next-level voltage grid. 2.5.2 For faults that cause the voltage of the power plant bus or important user bus to be lower than (50-60)% of the rated voltage, and when the cross-section of the line conductor is too small and the delay in fault removal is not allowed, the fault should be removed quickly. 2.5.3 Except for Article 2.3.2 and a few lines with stability problems, the setting of the line protection action time should be based on the safety of the power equipment and the selectivity required by the regulations. It is not necessary to require excessive rapidity. 2.5.4 When the manual closing or reclosing coincides with the fault line, there should be a fast-acting protection to quickly remove the fault. 2.5.5 Use high-precision time relays to shorten the action time difference. Comprehensively consider the factors such as the tripping and disconnecting time of the circuit breaker, the return time of the entire set of protection actions, and the action error of the time relay. Where conditions are met, the protection coordination can adopt a time difference of 0.3s. 2.6 Consider the operation setting of the distance protection oscillation locking device according to the following principles. 2.6.1 The distance protection of 35kV and below lines generally does not consider the problem of system oscillation false operation. 2.6.2 The following 66~110kV line distance protection should not be controlled by oscillation lockout: a. Distance protection of single-side power supply line; b. Distance protection of double-side power supply line without oscillation possibility under the existing possible operation mode; c. Distance protection section avoiding the oscillation center; d. Distance protection for the line to be decoupled; e. Distance section I with an operating time of not less than 0.5s, distance section II with an operating time of not less than 1.0s, and distance section III with an operating time of not less than 1.5s. Note: The longest oscillation period of the system is considered to be 1.5s. 2.6.3 The 66~110kV line distance protection device that may malfunction when there is oscillation should generally be controlled by oscillation lockout, but there should be protection sections that are not controlled by oscillation lockout before and after reclosing. 2.6.4 The phase current rapid-break value of the 66~110kV line with the possibility of oscillation malfunction should reliably avoid the line oscillation current. 2.6.5 When a single-phase grounding fault is converted into a three-phase fault, or an ungrounded phase-to-phase fault occurs during system oscillation, the requirements for the rapidity of the protection device can be appropriately reduced, but the fault must be reliably removed, and the phase-to-phase distance protection of individual adjacent lines is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.7 Three-phase reclosing is used in power grids of 110kV and below. The selection of automatic reclosing mode should be reasonably considered based on factors such as power grid structure, system stability requirements, and the bearing capacity of power generation and transmission equipment. 2.7.1 The general reclosing mode is used for single-side power supply lines. If the protection adopts the front acceleration mode, in order to remedy the non-selective action of the fast-acting section protection of the adjacent line, the sequential reclosing mode should be used. When the circuit breaker breaking capacity allows, the single-side power supply terminal line can also use the double reclosing mode. 2.7.2 For double-side power supply lines, one side is checked for no voltage and the other side is checked for synchronous reclosing. The following reclosing methods can also be used as appropriate: a. For main network terminal lines with regional power supply, the disconnection reclosing method should be used. When a terminal line fails, the main network side is checked for no voltage and reclosed after the regional power supply is disconnected; b. For double-side power supply single-circuit lines, the disconnection reclosing method can also be used. For the transmission lines of power plants, the system side is checked for no voltage and reclosed, the power plant side is checked for synchronous reclosing or the reclosing is disabled. 2.8 The setting of relay protection in conjunction with automatic reclosing should meet the following basic requirements. 2.8.1 During the automatic reclosing process, it must be ensured that the reclosing trips quickly in the event of a fault. The reclosing should not exceed the predetermined number of times, and the relay protection of adjacent lines should be selective. 2.8.2 When restoring the system, if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing, the quick-break section and the post-acceleration section of the zero-sequence current protection should be delayed for 0.1s after the reclosing if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing. 2.8.3 During the automatic reclosing process, if the adjacent line fails, the post-acceleration protection of this line is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.9 The following requirements are imposed on the operation of the longitudinal protection of 110kV lines: 2.9.1 When the bypass circuit breaker replaces the line circuit breaker, the longitudinal protection should be able to continue to operate. 2.9.2 When the longitudinal protection of this line is out of operation, if necessary, the protection lines on both sides of the line can be accelerated to have a sensitivity coefficient section specified in the regulations. At this time, the acceleration section protection may not be selectively operated, and a statement should be filed. 2.10 For a substation with only two circuits, when all the transformers of this station are out of operation, the two circuits can be regarded as one circuit, and the protection on the power supply side of the two circuits of the substation is allowed to cut off the fault of any of the two circuits. 2.11 For power supply lines with load current close to the short-circuit current at the end of the line, the current setting of the overcurrent protection is set according to the load current, but load switches or effective fuses should be installed in places where the sensitivity coefficient is insufficient. 2.12 During the operation of power equipment from one operating mode to another, the relevant equipment being operated should be within the protection range, and some protection devices are allowed to lose selectivity during the operation. 2.13 When testing on the protection device, in addition to the protection device must be disabled, the protection device should also be disconnected to start other system protection devices and safety automatic devices. 2.14 It is not advisable to use special measures to block the possible false operation of the line and transformer zero-sequence current protection caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit of the current transformer. 3 Coordination requirements of relay protection for power grid connection and dispatching operation 3.1 Reasonable power grid structure is the basis for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Whether the relay protection device can play a positive role is closely related to the reasonableness of the power grid structure and the layout of power equipment. They must be considered as an organic whole and arranged comprehensively. The use of grid structures and layouts of power equipment that seriously affect the protection performance of relay protection devices should be restricted, and the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.1.1 Ring network layout and open-loop operation should be adopted. 3.1.2 Double-circuit layout and single-circuit-transformer group operation of terminal power supply should be adopted. 3.1.3 For single power terminal lines that supply power to multiple locations, it is advisable to connect to the power supply transformer in a T-connection manner. The above three methods all increase the reliability of power supply by automatic reclosing and automatic input of backup power supply. 3.1.4 For regional power supply with local load, it is advisable to connect to the main system at a single point in a substation with a single-circuit or double-circuit line, and install appropriate disconnection devices on one or both sides of the circuit breaker of the interconnected line (such as low voltage, low frequency, zero-sequence voltage, zero-sequence current, oscillation disconnection, impedance principle disconnection device, and direction elements can be installed when necessary). 3.1.5 It is not advisable to connect branch lines or branch transformers to the main trunk line from the power plant to the power grid. 3.1.6 Avoid short-circuit wiring in series or in a ring as much as possible. 3.2 Whether relay protection can ensure safe and stable operation of the power grid is closely related to the arrangement of the dispatching operation mode. When arranging the operation mode, the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.2.1 Pay attention to keeping the grounding mode of each substation transformer in the power grid relatively stable. 3.2.2 Avoid disconnecting two or more connected operating equipment (lines, transformers) on the same plant or station bus at the same time. When the electrical distance between the two plant or station busbars is very close, it is also necessary to avoid disconnecting two or more operating equipment at the same time. 3.2.3 At certain points in the power grid and in the regional power grid with power supply connected to the main grid, appropriate disconnection points should be set up so as to take effective disconnection measures to ensure the safety of the main grid and the power supply of important users of the regional power grid. 3.2.4 Avoid using the terminal operation mode of multi-level series supply. 3.2.5 Avoid using the electromagnetic ring network operation mode of different voltage levels. 3.2.6 It is not allowed to operate the double-T-connected transformers in parallel on parallel double-circuit lines. 3.3 When the performance of relay protection is reduced due to the inspection or failure of some relay protection devices, which affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the following measures should be taken: 3.3.1 Change the power grid operation wiring and adjust the operation flow as appropriate to ensure that the relay protection action performance in operation meets the requirements of safe and stable operation of the power grid. 3.3.2 Temporarily change the setting value of relay protection. When the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed cannot be taken into account, make reasonable choices according to Article 1.4. 3.4 When the 110kV bus differential protection of an important hub substation is out of operation for some reason and endangers the stable operation of the system, the following measures should be taken: 3.4.1 Shorten the downtime of bus differential protection as much as possible. 3.4.2 Do not arrange maintenance of the bus and connected equipment, avoid operating on the bus as much as possible, and reduce the probability of bus failure. 3.4.3 It should be considered that when a bus fails, the backup protection will delay the removal of the fault, which will not cause the power grid to lose stability; otherwise, the bus wiring method should be changed and the operation flow should be adjusted. If necessary, other protection belts may trip the main coupler or section circuit breaker in a short time, or accelerate the backup protection as required by the calculation. At this time, if the accelerated backup protection may trip non-selectively, a statement should be filed.2 and a few lines with stability problems, the setting of line protection action time should be based on the safety of power equipment protection and the selectivity required by regulations, and there is no need to require excessive speed. 2.5.4 When manual closing or reclosing coincides with the faulty line, there should be fast-acting protection to quickly cut off the fault. 2.5.5 Use high-precision time relays to shorten the action time difference. Comprehensively consider the factors such as the tripping and disconnection time of the circuit breaker, the return time of the entire set of protection actions, and the action error of the time relay. Where conditions permit, the coordination of protection can adopt a time difference of 0.3s. 2.6 Consider the operation setting of the distance protection oscillation locking device according to the following principles. 2.6.1 The distance protection of 35kV and below lines generally does not consider the problem of system oscillation false operation. 2.6.2 The following 66~110kV line distance protection should not be controlled by oscillation lockout: a. Distance protection of single-side power supply line; b. Distance protection of double-side power supply line without oscillation possibility under the existing possible operation mode; c. Distance protection section avoiding the oscillation center; d. Distance protection for the line to be decoupled; e. Distance section I with an operating time of not less than 0.5s, distance section II with an operating time of not less than 1.0s, and distance section III with an operating time of not less than 1.5s. Note: The longest oscillation period of the system is considered to be 1.5s. 2.6.3 The 66~110kV line distance protection device that may malfunction when there is oscillation should generally be controlled by oscillation lockout, but there should be protection sections that are not controlled by oscillation lockout before and after reclosing. 2.6.4 The phase current rapid-break value of the 66~110kV line with the possibility of oscillation malfunction should reliably avoid the line oscillation current. 2.6.5 When a single-phase grounding fault is converted into a three-phase fault, or an ungrounded phase-to-phase fault occurs during system oscillation, the requirements for the rapidity of the protection device can be appropriately reduced, but the fault must be reliably removed, and the phase-to-phase distance protection of individual adjacent lines is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.7 Three-phase reclosing is used in power grids of 110kV and below. The selection of automatic reclosing mode should be reasonably considered based on factors such as power grid structure, system stability requirements, and the bearing capacity of power generation and transmission equipment. 2.7.1 The general reclosing mode is used for single-side power supply lines. If the protection adopts the front acceleration mode, in order to remedy the non-selective action of the fast-acting section protection of the adjacent line, the sequential reclosing mode should be used. When the circuit breaker breaking capacity allows, the single-side power supply terminal line can also use the double reclosing mode. 2.7.2 For double-side power supply lines, one side is checked for no voltage and the other side is checked for synchronous reclosing. The following reclosing methods can also be used as appropriate: a. For main network terminal lines with regional power supply, the disconnection reclosing method should be used. When a terminal line fails, the main network side is checked for no voltage and reclosed after the regional power supply is disconnected; b. For double-side power supply single-circuit lines, the disconnection reclosing method can also be used. For the transmission lines of power plants, the system side is checked for no voltage and reclosed, the power plant side is checked for synchronous reclosing or the reclosing is disabled. 2.8 The setting of relay protection in conjunction with automatic reclosing should meet the following basic requirements. 2.8.1 During the automatic reclosing process, it must be ensured that the reclosing trips quickly in the event of a fault. The reclosing should not exceed the predetermined number of times, and the relay protection of adjacent lines should be selective. 2.8.2 When restoring the system, if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing, the quick-break section and the post-acceleration section of the zero-sequence current protection should be delayed for 0.1s after the reclosing if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing. 2.8.3 During the automatic reclosing process, if the adjacent line fails, the post-acceleration protection of this line is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.9 The following requirements are imposed on the operation of the longitudinal protection of 110kV lines: 2.9.1 When the bypass circuit breaker replaces the line circuit breaker, the longitudinal protection should be able to continue to operate. 2.9.2 When the longitudinal protection of this line is out of operation, if necessary, the protection lines on both sides of the line can be accelerated to have a sensitivity coefficient section specified in the regulations. At this time, the acceleration section protection may not be selectively operated, and a statement should be filed. 2.10 For a substation with only two circuits, when all the transformers of this station are out of operation, the two circuits can be regarded as one circuit, and the protection on the power supply side of the two circuits of the substation is allowed to cut off the fault of any of the two circuits. 2.11 For power supply lines with load current close to the short-circuit current at the end of the line, the current setting of the overcurrent protection is set according to the load current, but load switches or effective fuses should be installed in places where the sensitivity coefficient is insufficient. 2.12 During the operation of power equipment from one operating mode to another, the relevant equipment being operated should be within the protection range, and some protection devices are allowed to lose selectivity during the operation. 2.13 When testing on the protection device, in addition to the protection device must be disabled, the protection device should also be disconnected to start other system protection devices and safety automatic devices. 2.14 It is not advisable to use special measures to block the possible false operation of the line and transformer zero-sequence current protection caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit of the current transformer. 3 Coordination requirements of relay protection for power grid connection and dispatching operation 3.1 Reasonable power grid structure is the basis for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Whether the relay protection device can play a positive role is closely related to the reasonableness of the power grid structure and the layout of power equipment. They must be considered as an organic whole and arranged comprehensively. The use of grid structures and layouts of power equipment that seriously affect the protection performance of relay protection devices should be restricted, and the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.1.1 Ring network layout and open-loop operation should be adopted. 3.1.2 Double-circuit layout and single-circuit-transformer group operation of terminal power supply should be adopted. 3.1.3 For single power terminal lines that supply power to multiple locations, it is advisable to connect to the power supply transformer in a T-connection manner. The above three methods all increase the reliability of power supply by automatic reclosing and automatic input of backup power supply. 3.1.4 For regional power supply with local load, it is advisable to connect to the main system at a single point in a substation with a single-circuit or double-circuit line, and install appropriate disconnection devices on one or both sides of the circuit breaker of the interconnected line (such as low voltage, low frequency, zero-sequence voltage, zero-sequence current, oscillation disconnection, impedance principle disconnection device, and direction elements can be installed when necessary). 3.1.5 It is not advisable to connect branch lines or branch transformers to the main trunk line from the power plant to the power grid. 3.1.6 Avoid short-circuit wiring in series or in a ring as much as possible. 3.2 Whether relay protection can ensure safe and stable operation of the power grid is closely related to the arrangement of the dispatching operation mode. When arranging the operation mode, the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.2.1 Pay attention to keeping the grounding mode of each substation transformer in the power grid relatively stable. 3.2.2 Avoid disconnecting two or more connected operating equipment (lines, transformers) on the same plant or station bus at the same time. When the electrical distance between the two plant or station busbars is very close, it is also necessary to avoid disconnecting two or more operating equipment at the same time. 3.2.3 At certain points in the power grid and in the regional power grid with power supply connected to the main grid, appropriate disconnection points should be set up so as to take effective disconnection measures to ensure the safety of the main grid and the power supply of important users of the regional power grid. 3.2.4 Avoid using the terminal operation mode of multi-level series supply. 3.2.5 Avoid using the electromagnetic ring network operation mode of different voltage levels. 3.2.6 It is not allowed to operate the double-T-connected transformers in parallel on parallel double-circuit lines. 3.3 When the performance of relay protection is reduced due to the inspection or failure of some relay protection devices, which affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the following measures should be taken: 3.3.1 Change the power grid operation wiring and adjust the operation flow as appropriate to ensure that the relay protection action performance in operation meets the requirements of safe and stable operation of the power grid. 3.3.2 Temporarily change the setting value of relay protection. When the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed cannot be taken into account, make reasonable choices according to Article 1.4. 3.4 When the 110kV bus differential protection of an important hub substation is out of operation for some reason and endangers the stable operation of the system, the following measures should be taken: 3.4.1 Shorten the downtime of bus differential protection as much as possible. 3.4.2 Do not arrange maintenance of the bus and connected equipment, avoid operating on the bus as much as possible, and reduce the probability of bus failure. 3.4.3 It should be considered that when a bus fails, the backup protection will delay the removal of the fault, which will not cause the power grid to lose stability; otherwise, the bus wiring method should be changed and the operation flow should be adjusted. If necessary, other protection belts may trip the main coupler or section circuit breaker in a short time, or accelerate the backup protection as required by the calculation. At this time, if the accelerated backup protection may trip non-selectively, a statement should be filed.2 and a few lines with stability problems, the setting of line protection action time should be based on the safety of power equipment protection and the selectivity required by regulations, and there is no need to require excessive speed. 2.5.4 When manual closing or reclosing coincides with the faulty line, there should be fast-acting protection to quickly cut off the fault. 2.5.5 Use high-precision time relays to shorten the action time difference. Comprehensively consider the factors such as the tripping and disconnection time of the circuit breaker, the return time of the entire set of protection actions, and the action error of the time relay. Where conditions permit, the coordination of protection can adopt a time difference of 0.3s. 2.6 Consider the operation setting of the distance protection oscillation locking device according to the following principles. 2.6.1 The distance protection of 35kV and below lines generally does not consider the problem of system oscillation false operation. 2.6.2 The following 66~110kV line distance protection should not be controlled by oscillation lockout: a. Distance protection of single-side power supply line; b. Distance protection of double-side power supply line without oscillation possibility under the existing possible operation mode; c. Distance protection section avoiding the oscillation center; d. Distance protection for the line to be decoupled; e. Distance section I with an operating time of not less than 0.5s, distance section II with an operating time of not less than 1.0s, and distance section III with an operating time of not less than 1.5s. Note: The longest oscillation period of the system is considered to be 1.5s. 2.6.3 The 66~110kV line distance protection device that may malfunction when there is oscillation should generally be controlled by oscillation lockout, but there should be protection sections that are not controlled by oscillation lockout before and after reclosing. 2.6.4 The phase current rapid-break value of the 66~110kV line with the possibility of oscillation malfunction should reliably avoid the line oscillation current. 2.6.5 When a single-phase grounding fault is converted into a three-phase fault, or an ungrounded phase-to-phase fault occurs during system oscillation, the requirements for the rapidity of the protection device can be appropriately reduced, but the fault must be reliably removed, and the phase-to-phase distance protection of individual adjacent lines is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.7 Three-phase reclosing is used in power grids of 110kV and below. The selection of automatic reclosing mode should be reasonably considered based on factors such as power grid structure, system stability requirements, and the bearing capacity of power generation and transmission equipment. 2.7.1 The general reclosing mode is used for single-side power supply lines. If the protection adopts the front acceleration mode, in order to remedy the non-selective action of the fast-acting section protection of the adjacent line, the sequential reclosing mode should be used. When the circuit breaker breaking capacity allows, the single-side power supply terminal line can also use the double reclosing mode. 2.7.2 For double-side power supply lines, one side is checked for no voltage and the other side is checked for synchronous reclosing. The following reclosing methods can also be used as appropriate: a. For main network terminal lines with regional power supply, the disconnection reclosing method should be used. When a terminal line fails, the main network side is checked for no voltage and reclosed after the regional power supply is disconnected; b. For double-side power supply single-circuit lines, the disconnection reclosing method can also be used. For the transmission lines of power plants, the system side is checked for no voltage and reclosed, the power plant side is checked for synchronous reclosing or the reclosing is disabled. 2.8 The setting of relay protection in conjunction with automatic reclosing should meet the following basic requirements. 2.8.1 During the automatic reclosing process, it must be ensured that the reclosing trips quickly in the event of a fault. The reclosing should not exceed the predetermined number of times, and the relay protection of adjacent lines should be selective. 2.8.2 When restoring the system, if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing, the quick-break section and the post-acceleration section of the zero-sequence current protection should be delayed for 0.1s after the reclosing if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing. 2.8.3 During the automatic reclosing process, if the adjacent line fails, the post-acceleration protection of this line is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.9 The following requirements are imposed on the operation of the longitudinal protection of 110kV lines: 2.9.1 When the bypass circuit breaker replaces the line circuit breaker, the longitudinal protection should be able to continue to operate. 2.9.2 When the longitudinal protection of this line is out of operation, if necessary, the protection lines on both sides of the line can be accelerated to have a sensitivity coefficient section specified in the regulations. At this time, the acceleration section protection may not be selectively operated, and a statement should be filed. 2.10 For a substation with only two circuits, when all the transformers of this station are out of operation, the two circuits can be regarded as one circuit, and the protection on the power supply side of the two circuits of the substation is allowed to cut off the fault of any of the two circuits. 2.11 For power supply lines with load current close to the short-circuit current at the end of the line, the current setting of the overcurrent protection is set according to the load current, but load switches or effective fuses should be installed in places where the sensitivity coefficient is insufficient. 2.12 During the operation of power equipment from one operating mode to another, the relevant equipment being operated should be within the protection range, and some protection devices are allowed to lose selectivity during the operation. 2.13 When testing on the protection device, in addition to the protection device must be disabled, the protection device should also be disconnected to start other system protection devices and safety automatic devices. 2.14 It is not advisable to use special measures to block the possible false operation of the line and transformer zero-sequence current protection caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit of the current transformer. 3 Coordination requirements of relay protection for power grid connection and dispatching operation 3.1 Reasonable power grid structure is the basis for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Whether the relay protection device can play a positive role is closely related to the reasonableness of the power grid structure and the layout of power equipment. They must be considered as an organic whole and arranged comprehensively. The use of grid structures and layouts of power equipment that seriously affect the protection performance of relay protection devices should be restricted, and the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.1.1 Ring network layout and open-loop operation should be adopted. 3.1.2 Double-circuit layout and single-circuit-transformer group operation of terminal power supply should be adopted. 3.1.3 For single power terminal lines that supply power to multiple locations, it is advisable to connect to the power supply transformer in a T-connection manner. The above three methods all increase the reliability of power supply by automatic reclosing and automatic input of backup power supply. 3.1.4 For regional power supply with local load, it is advisable to connect to the main system at a single point in a substation with a single-circuit or double-circuit line, and install appropriate disconnection devices on one or both sides of the circuit breaker of the interconnected line (such as low voltage, low frequency, zero-sequence voltage, zero-sequence current, oscillation disconnection, impedance principle disconnection device, and direction elements can be installed when necessary). 3.1.5 It is not advisable to connect branch lines or branch transformers to the main trunk line from the power plant to the power grid. 3.1.6 Avoid short-circuit wiring in series or in a ring as much as possible. 3.2 Whether relay protection can ensure safe and stable operation of the power grid is closely related to the arrangement of the dispatching operation mode. When arranging the operation mode, the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.2.1 Pay attention to keeping the grounding mode of each substation transformer in the power grid relatively stable. 3.2.2 Avoid disconnecting two or more connected operating equipment (lines, transformers) on the same plant or station bus at the same time. When the electrical distance between the two plant or station busbars is very close, it is also necessary to avoid disconnecting two or more operating equipment at the same time. 3.2.3 At certain points in the power grid and in the regional power grid with power supply connected to the main grid, appropriate disconnection points should be set up so as to take effective disconnection measures to ensure the safety of the main grid and the power supply of important users of the regional power grid. 3.2.4 Avoid using the terminal operation mode of multi-level series supply. 3.2.5 Avoid using the electromagnetic ring network operation mode of different voltage levels. 3.2.6 It is not allowed to operate the double-T-connected transformers in parallel on parallel double-circuit lines. 3.3 When the performance of relay protection is reduced due to the inspection or failure of some relay protection devices, which affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the following measures should be taken: 3.3.1 Change the power grid operation wiring and adjust the operation flow as appropriate to ensure that the relay protection action performance in operation meets the requirements of safe and stable operation of the power grid. 3.3.2 Temporarily change the setting value of relay protection. When the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed cannot be taken into account, make reasonable choices according to Article 1.4. 3.4 When the 110kV bus differential protection of an important hub substation is out of operation for some reason and endangers the stable operation of the system, the following measures should be taken: 3.4.1 Shorten the downtime of bus differential protection as much as possible. 3.4.2 Do not arrange maintenance of the bus and connected equipment, avoid operating on the bus as much as possible, and reduce the probability of bus failure. 3.4.3 It should be considered that when a bus fails, the backup protection will delay the removal of the fault, which will not cause the power grid to lose stability; otherwise, the bus wiring method should be changed and the operation flow should be adjusted. If necessary, other protection belts may trip the main coupler or section circuit breaker in a short time, or accelerate the backup protection as required by the calculation. At this time, if the accelerated backup protection may trip non-selectively, a statement should be filed.1 The distance protection of 35kV and below lines generally does not consider the problem of system oscillation false operation. 2.6.2 The distance protection of 66~110kV lines in the following situations should not be blocked by oscillation: a. Distance protection of single-side power supply lines; b. Distance protection of double-side power supply lines without oscillation possibility under the existing possible operation mode; c. Distance protection section avoiding the oscillation center; d. Distance protection of the line scheduled for decoupling; e. Distance section I with an action time of not less than 0.5s, distance section II with an action time of not less than 1.0s, and distance section III with an action time of not less than 1.5s. Note: The longest oscillation period of the system is considered to be 1.5s. 2.6.3 The distance protection device of 66~110kV lines that may malfunction when there is oscillation should generally be controlled by oscillation blocking, but there should be protection sections that are not controlled by oscillation blocking before and after reclosing. 2.6.4 The phase current rapid-break value of 66~110kV lines with possible oscillation false operation should reliably avoid the line oscillation current. 2.6.5 When a single-phase grounding fault is converted into a three-phase fault, or an ungrounded phase-to-phase fault occurs during system oscillation, the requirements for the rapidity of the protection device can be appropriately reduced, but the fault must be reliably removed, and the phase-to-phase distance protection of individual adjacent lines is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.7 Three-phase reclosing is used in power grids of 110kV and below. The selection of automatic reclosing mode should be reasonably considered based on factors such as power grid structure, system stability requirements, and the bearing capacity of power generation and transmission equipment. 2.7.1 The general reclosing mode is used for single-side power supply lines. If the protection adopts the front acceleration mode, in order to remedy the non-selective action of the fast-acting section protection of the adjacent line, the sequential reclosing mode should be used. When the circuit breaker breaking capacity allows, the single-side power supply terminal line can also use the double reclosing mode. 2.7.2 For double-side power supply lines, one side is checked for no voltage and the other side is checked for synchronous reclosing. The following reclosing methods can also be used as appropriate: a. For main network terminal lines with regional power supply, the disconnection reclosing method should be used. When a terminal line fails, the main network side is checked for no voltage and reclosed after the regional power supply is disconnected; b. For double-side power supply single-circuit lines, the disconnection reclosing method can also be used. For the transmission lines of power plants, the system side is checked for no voltage and reclosed, the power plant side is checked for synchronous reclosing or the reclosing is disabled. 2.8 The setting of relay protection in conjunction with automatic reclosing should meet the following basic requirements. 2.8.1 During the automatic reclosing process, it must be ensured that the reclosing trips quickly in the event of a fault. The reclosing should not exceed the predetermined number of times, and the relay protection of adjacent lines should be selective. 2.8.2 When restoring the system, if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing, the quick-break section and the post-acceleration section of the zero-sequence current protection should be delayed for 0.1s after the reclosing if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing. 2.8.3 During the automatic reclosing process, if the adjacent line fails, the post-acceleration protection of this line is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.9 The following requirements are imposed on the operation of the longitudinal protection of 110kV lines: 2.9.1 When the bypass circuit breaker replaces the line circuit breaker, the longitudinal protection should be able to continue to operate. 2.9.2 When the longitudinal protection of this line is out of operation, if necessary, the protection lines on both sides of the line can be accelerated to have a sensitivity coefficient section specified in the regulations. At this time, the acceleration section protection may not be selectively operated, and a statement should be filed. 2.10 For a substation with only two circuits, when all the transformers of this station are out of operation, the two circuits can be regarded as one circuit, and the protection on the power supply side of the two circuits of the substation is allowed to cut off the fault of any of the two circuits. 2.11 For power supply lines with load current close to the short-circuit current at the end of the line, the current setting of the overcurrent protection is set according to the load current, but load switches or effective fuses should be installed in places where the sensitivity coefficient is insufficient. 2.12 During the operation of power equipment from one operating mode to another, the relevant equipment being operated should be within the protection range, and some protection devices are allowed to lose selectivity during the operation. 2.13 When testing on the protection device, in addition to the protection device must be disabled, the protection device should also be disconnected to start other system protection devices and safety automatic devices. 2.14 It is not advisable to use special measures to block the possible false operation of the line and transformer zero-sequence current protection caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit of the current transformer. 3 Coordination requirements of relay protection for power grid connection and dispatching operation 3.1 Reasonable power grid structure is the basis for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Whether the relay protection device can play a positive role is closely related to the reasonableness of the power grid structure and the layout of power equipment. They must be considered as an organic whole and arranged comprehensively. The use of grid structures and layouts of power equipment that seriously affect the protection performance of relay protection devices should be restricted, and the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.1.1 Ring network layout and open-loop operation should be adopted. 3.1.2 Double-circuit layout and single-circuit-transformer group operation of terminal power supply should be adopted. 3.1.3 For single power terminal lines that supply power to multiple locations, it is advisable to connect to the power supply transformer in a T-connection manner. The above three methods all increase the reliability of power supply by automatic reclosing and automatic input of backup power supply. 3.1.4 For regional power supply with local load, it is advisable to connect to the main system at a single point in a substation with a single-circuit or double-circuit line, and install appropriate disconnection devices on one or both sides of the circuit breaker of the interconnected line (such as low voltage, low frequency, zero-sequence voltage, zero-sequence current, oscillation disconnection, impedance principle disconnection device, and direction elements can be installed when necessary). 3.1.5 It is not advisable to connect branch lines or branch transformers to the main trunk line from the power plant to the power grid. 3.1.6 Avoid short-circuit wiring in series or in a ring as much as possible. 3.2 Whether relay protection can ensure safe and stable operation of the power grid is closely related to the arrangement of the dispatching operation mode. When arranging the operation mode, the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.2.1 Pay attention to keeping the grounding mode of each substation transformer in the power grid relatively stable. 3.2.2 Avoid disconnecting two or more connected operating equipment (lines, transformers) on the same plant or station bus at the same time. When the electrical distance between the two plant or station busbars is very close, it is also necessary to avoid disconnecting two or more operating equipment at the same time. 3.2.3 At certain points in the power grid and in the regional power grid with power supply connected to the main grid, appropriate disconnection points should be set up so as to take effective disconnection measures to ensure the safety of the main grid and the power supply of important users of the regional power grid. 3.2.4 Avoid using the terminal operation mode of multi-level series supply. 3.2.5 Avoid using the electromagnetic ring network operation mode of different voltage levels. 3.2.6 It is not allowed to operate the double-T-connected transformers in parallel on parallel double-circuit lines. 3.3 When the performance of relay protection is reduced due to the inspection or failure of some relay protection devices, which affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid, the following measures should be taken: 3.3.1 Change the power grid operation wiring and adjust the operation flow as appropriate to ensure that the relay protection action performance in operation meets the requirements of safe and stable operation of the power grid. 3.3.2 Temporarily change the setting value of relay protection. When the requirements of selectivity, sensitivity and speed cannot be taken into account, make reasonable choices according to Article 1.4. 3.4 When the 110kV bus differential protection of an important hub substation is out of operation for some reason and endangers the stable operation of the system, the following measures should be taken: 3.4.1 Shorten the downtime of bus differential protection as much as possible. 3.4.2 Do not arrange maintenance of the bus and connected equipment, avoid operating on the bus as much as possible, and reduce the probability of bus failure. 3.4.3 It should be considered that when a bus fails, the backup protection will delay the removal of the fault, which will not cause the power grid to lose stability; otherwise, the bus wiring method should be changed and the operation flow should be adjusted. If necessary, other protection belts may trip the main coupler or section circuit breaker in a short time, or accelerate the backup protection as required by the calculation. At this time, if the accelerated backup protection may trip non-selectively, a statement should be filed.1 The distance protection of 35kV and below lines generally does not consider the problem of system oscillation false operation. 2.6.2 The distance protection of 66~110kV lines in the following situations should not be blocked by oscillation: a. Distance protection of single-side power supply lines; b. Distance protection of double-side power supply lines without oscillation possibility under the existing possible operation mode; c. Distance protection section avoiding the oscillation center; d. Distance protection of the line scheduled for decoupling; e. Distance section I with an action time of not less than 0.5s, distance section II with an action time of not less than 1.0s, and distance section III with an action time of not less than 1.5s. Note: The longest oscillation period of the system is considered to be 1.5s. 2.6.3 The distance protection device of 66~110kV lines that may malfunction when there is oscillation should generally be controlled by oscillation blocking, but there should be protection sections that are not controlled by oscillation blocking before and after reclosing. 2.6.4 The phase current rapid-break value of 66~110kV lines with possible oscillation false operation should reliably avoid the line oscillation current. 2.6.5 When a single-phase grounding fault is converted into a three-phase fault, or an ungrounded phase-to-phase fault occurs during system oscillation, the requirements for the rapidity of the protection device can be appropriately reduced, but the fault must be reliably removed, and the phase-to-phase distance protection of individual adjacent lines is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.7 Three-phase reclosing is used in power grids of 110kV and below. The selection of automatic reclosing mode should be reasonably considered based on factors such as power grid structure, system stability requirements, and the bearing capacity of power generation and transmission equipment. 2.7.1 The general reclosing mode is used for single-side power supply lines. If the protection adopts the front acceleration mode, in order to remedy the non-selective action of the fast-acting section protection of the adjacent line, the sequential reclosing mode should be used. When the circuit breaker breaking capacity allows, the single-side power supply terminal line can also use the double reclosing mode. 2.7.2 For double-side power supply lines, one side is checked for no voltage and the other side is checked for synchronous reclosing. The following reclosing methods can also be used as appropriate: a. For main network terminal lines with regional power supply, the disconnection reclosing method should be used. When a terminal line fails, the main network side is checked for no voltage and reclosed after the regional power supply is disconnected; b. For double-side power supply single-circuit lines, the disconnection reclosing method can also be used. For the transmission lines of power plants, the system side is checked for no voltage and reclosed, the power plant side is checked for synchronous reclosing or the reclosing is disabled. 2.8 The setting of relay protection in conjunction with automatic reclosing should meet the following basic requirements. 2.8.1 During the automatic reclosing process, it must be ensured that the reclosing trips quickly in the event of a fault. The reclosing should not exceed the predetermined number of times, and the relay protection of adjacent lines should be selective. 2.8.2 When restoring the system, if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing, the quick-break section and the post-acceleration section of the zero-sequence current protection should be delayed for 0.1s after the reclosing if the setting value cannot avoid the zero-sequence current caused by the three-phase asynchronous closing. 2.8.3 During the automatic reclosing process, if the adjacent line fails, the post-acceleration protection of this line is allowed to trip non-selectively. 2.9 The following requirements are imposed on the operation of the longitudinal protection of 110kV lines: 2.9.1 When the bypass circuit breaker replaces the line circuit breaker, the longitudinal protection should be able to continue to operate. 2.9.2 When the longitudinal protection of this line is out of operation, if necessary, the protection lines on both sides of the line can be accelerated to have a sensitivity coefficient section specified in the regulations. At this time, the acceleration section protection may not be selectively operated, and a statement should be filed. 2.10 For a substation with only two circuits, when all the transformers of this station are out of operation, the two circuits can be regarded as one circuit, and the protection on the power supply side of the two circuits of the substation is allowed to cut off the fault of any of the two circuits. 2.11 For power supply lines with load current close to the short-circuit current at the end of the line, the current setting of the overcurrent protection is set according to the load current, but load switches or effective fuses should be installed in places where the sensitivity coefficient is insufficient. 2.12 During the operation of power equipment from one operating mode to another, the relevant equipment being operated should be within the protection range, and some protection devices are allowed to lose selectivity during the operation. 2.13 When testing on the protection device, in addition to the protection device must be disabled, the protection device should also be disconnected to start other system protection devices and safety automatic devices. 2.14 It is not advisable to use special measures to block the possible false operation of the line and transformer zero-sequence current protection caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit of the current transformer. 3 Coordination requirements of relay protection for power grid connection and dispatching operation 3.1 Reasonable power grid structure is the basis for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Whether the relay protection device can play a positive role is closely related to the reasonableness of the power grid structure and the layout of power equipment. They must be considered as an organic whole and arranged comprehensively. The use of grid structures and layouts of power equipment that seriously affect the protection performance of relay protection devices should be restricted, and the following issues should be considered comprehensively: 3.1.1 Ring network layout and open-loop operation should be adopted. 3.1.2 Double-circuit layout and single-circuit-transformer group operation of terminal power supply should be adopted. 3.1.3 For single power terminal lines that supply power to multiple locations, it is advisable to connect to the power supply transformer in a T-connection manner. The above three methods all increase the reliability of power supply by automatic reclosing and automatic input of backup power supply. 3.1.4 For regional power supply with local load, it is advisable to connect to the main system at a single poi
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