ZigBee technology is a wireless communication technology used between various electronic devices at a short range and low transmission data rate. The name ZigBee comes from the communication method used by bee colonies for survival and development. Bees use ZigZag-shaped dances to notify the location, distance and direction of new food sources, and this is the name of the new generation of wireless communication technology. ZigBee was previously known as \"HomeRF Lite\", \"RF-EasyLink\" or \"FireFly\" radio technology, and is currently collectively referred to as ZigBee technology. 2. Characteristics of ZigBee Technology Since Marconi invented radio, wireless communication technology has been developing in the direction of continuously improving data rates and transmission distances. For example: the third-generation mobile communication network (3G) within the wide area network aims to provide multimedia wireless services, and the standards within the local area network range from 1Mbit/s of IEEE802.11 to 54Mbit/s of IEEE802.11g. The currently widely studied ZigBee technology is committed to providing a low-speed wireless communication technology with extremely low complexity, cost and power consumption for use in inexpensive fixed, portable or mobile devices. This wireless communication technology has the following characteristics: Low power consumption: In working mode, ZigBee technology has a low transmission rate and a small amount of data to be transmitted, so the signal transmission and reception time is very short. Secondly, in non-working mode, ZigBee nodes are in sleep mode. The device search delay is generally 30ms, the sleep activation delay is 15ms, and the active device channel access delay is 15ms. Due to the short working time, low power consumption for sending and receiving information, and the use of sleep mode, ZigBee nodes are very power-saving. The battery working time of ZigBee nodes can be as long as 6 months to 2 years. At the same time, since the battery time depends on many factors, such as battery type, capacity and application scenarios, ZigBee technology has also optimized battery use in the protocol. For typical applications, alkaline batteries can be used for several years. For some situations where the ratio of working time to total time (working time + sleep time) is less than 1%, the battery life can even exceed 10 years. Reliable data transmission: ZigBee\'s media access control layer (MAC layer) uses a talk-when-ready collision avoidance mechanism. Under this fully confirmed data transmission mechanism, when there is a need for data transmission, it is transmitted immediately. Each data packet sent must wait for the receiver\'s confirmation information and reply with the confirmation information. If there is no reply to the confirmation information, it means that a collision has occurred and it will be transmitted again. This method can improve the reliability of system information transmission. At the same time, dedicated time slots are reserved for communication services that require fixed bandwidth to avoid competition and conflicts when sending data. At the same time, ZigBee has optimized applications that are sensitive to delays, and the communication delay and the delay of activating the dormant state are very short. Large network capacity: ZigBee\'s low rate, low power consumption and short-distance transmission make it very suitable for supporting simple devices. ZigBee defines two types of devices: full-function devices (FFDs) and reduced-function devices (RFDs). For full-function devices, it is required to support all 49 basic parameters. For reduced-function devices, it is only required to support 38 basic parameters in the minimum configuration. A full-function device can communicate with reduced-function devices and other full-function devices, and can work in three ways: personal area network coordinator, coordinator or device. Simplified function devices can only talk to full function devices and are only used for very simple applications. A ZigBee network includes up to 255 ZigBee network nodes, one of which is the master device and the rest are slave devices. If a network coordinator is used, the entire network can support more than 64,000 ZigBee network nodes. In addition, each Network Coordinator can be connected to each other, so the number of nodes in the entire ZigBee network will be considerable. Compatibility: ZigBee technology integrates seamlessly with existing control network standards. The network is automatically established through the network coordinator, and the carrier sense/collision detection (CSMA-CA) method is used for channel access. For reliable transmission, a full handshake protocol is also provided.
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