The latch-up principle explains the latch-up effect. The latch-up effect is a phenomenon that must be paid attention to in CMOS. I think it is more appropriate to explain latch as a loop. When you see latch-up in the future, you will think of the loop in NMOS and PMOS. In fact, you will understand half of it. Why is it so important? Because it will cause the failure of the entire chip, so latch-up is a kind of QUAL test and is closely related to ESD (electrostatic protection). The first part of the latch-up principle I will summarize it in the simplest words. You just need to remember this sentence: latch-up is a PNPN connection, which is essentially the connection of two parasitic double-carrier transistors. The base of each transistor is connected to the collector. It can also be said that the collector of each transistor is connected to the base of another transistor, forming a positive feedback loop. I will explain them separately below. Let\'s review what npn is. As shown in Figure 1, when a positive bias is applied to the n-end, the barrier between np will be lowered. The electrons at the n-end are the main carriers, so the electrons happily run to the p-end. Some of the electrons are too happy to run, and the p-end in the middle is not thick enough, so they go to the junction of pn. At this time, the n-end on the right is reverse biased, so it is easy to pass. Therefore, the n on the left is the emitter (emmitter, emitting electrons), the P in the middle is the base (base), and the n on the right is the collector (collecting electrons) [pic][pic] After understanding npn, pnp is easy to deal with, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 clearly shows the latch up circuit. The left side is npn, the right side is pnp, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit. [pic]As you can see, P-sub is both the base of npn and the collector of pnp; n-well is both the base of pnp and the collector of npn, so the collector of each transistor is connected to the base of another transistor. So how does the current flow? …
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