NAND Flash Memory AnalysisNAND Flash Memory AnalysisOnline Date: September 4, 2006For many consumer audio and video products, NAND flash memory is a better storage solution than hard disk drives, especially in low-capacity applications of less than 4GB. As people continue to pursue products with lower power consumption, lighter weight and better performance, NAND is proving to be very attractive. NAND flash arrays are divided into a series of 128kB blocks, which are the smallest erasable entities in NAND devices. Erasing a block is to set all bits to \"1\" (and all bytes to FFh). It is necessary to program the erased bits from \"1\" to \"0\". The smallest programming entity is the byte. Some NOR flash memories can perform read and write operations at the same time (see Figure 1 below). Although NAND cannot perform read and write operations at the same time, it can achieve this at the system level using a method called \"shadowing\". This method has been used for many years in personal computers, that is, loading the BIOS from the lower speed ROM to the higher speed RAM. NAND is more efficient because there are no metal contacts in the NAND string. The reason why NAND flash memory cells are smaller than NOR (4F2: 10F2) is that each NOR cell requires independent metal contacts. NAND is similar to hard disk drives, based on sectors (pages), and is suitable for storing continuous data, such as pictures, audio or personal computer data. Although random access can be achieved at the system level by mapping the data to RAM, this requires additional RAM storage space. In addition, like hard disks, NAND devices have bad sectors and require error correction code (ECC) to maintain data integrity. The smaller the storage cell area, the smaller the die area. In this case, NAND can provide flash memory products with higher storage capacity for today\'s low-cost consumer market. NAND flash memory is used in almost all erasable memory cards. NAND\'s multiplexed interface provides a similar pin-out for all the latest devices and densities. This pin-out allows design engineers to migrate from smaller density to higher density designs without changing the hardware design of the circuit board. NAND vs. NOR flash memory The advantages of NAND flash memory are...
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