The free vortex pneumatic window can effectively replace the traditional crystal output mirror of high energy laser and play the role of sealing the low cavity pressure of laser. The existing 37-unit indoor adaptive optical system is used to perform adaptive optical wavefront correction on the output laser wavefront distortion of the free vortex pneumatic window. The principle of adaptive optical system correction of the distorted wavefront of the pneumatic window is given, and the correction experiment of the distorted wavefront is carried out under the design state by using the direct slope method. The results show that the adaptive optical system can well correct the wavefront distortion caused by the free vortex pneumatic window working under the design state. The free vortex pneumatic window can effectively replace the traditional crystal output mirror of high energy laser and play the role of sealing the low cavity pressure, solving the bottleneck problem of continuous laser output and ultra-high power application of high energy laser. The free vortex pneumatic window is suitable for large-aperture laser output, has little effect on the output laser beam quality, and is simple to operate. It is currently widely used [1-4]. Since the working gas of the pneumatic window is non-uniformly distributed and flows at high speed, although the path of the output laser passing through the pneumatic window is not long, the wavefront of the output laser will always be affected to varying degrees. The influence of the free vortex aerodynamic window on the output laser beam quality mainly includes wavefront tilt and a certain degree of defocus astigmatism, while its high-order aberrations are generally relatively small [1, 5, 6]. By optimizing the design of the free vortex aerodynamic window, the wavefront distortion of the output laser caused by the inhomogeneity of the aerodynamic window jet can be reduced. However, the wavefront distortion caused by the shear boundary layer on the side of the jet close to the environment and the curvature of the jet cannot be completely eliminated by simply optimizing the design of the aerodynamic window, especially the divergent lens effect caused by the curvature of the jet [5]. Moreover, due to the non-steady nature of the flow field, the distortion of the output laser wavefront is also random. In order to dynamically and real-time correct the optical wavefront distortion caused by the free vortex aerodynamic window on the output laser, it is necessary to measure the distortion of the output laser in real time. Since most of the current adaptive optical systems are based on the Hartmann wavefront sensor, we use the Hartmann method to conduct theoretical analysis and experimental measurement of the distortion effect of the free vortex aerodynamic window on the output laser wavefront, providing experimental methods and reference data for dynamic and real-time correction of the output laser wavefront distortion [6,7].
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