Internal forces when a circular shaft is torsion I. Torsion 1. Characteristics of forces, calculation of external moment of force, torque and torque diagram a. Characteristics of forces: the action plane of the couple is perpendicular to the axis of the rod b. Calculation of external moment of force M = 9549 N /n (N•M) Mk = 7024 N /n (N•M) c. Torque, torque diagram Right-hand screw method: thumb pointing away is positive, thumb pointing away is negative 2. Torsion deformation analysis: Look at the figure: (1) The spacing between the circumference of the figure remains unchanged; (2) All longitudinal parallel lines are inclined at the same small angle, and the rectangle becomes a parallelogram. Explanation: (1) There is no positive pressure on the cross section, (2) The two cross sections are displaced. υ is the shear force change, then there must be, and ∑ is perpendicular to the radius x= y. They are equal in size, opposite in direction, and perpendicular to each other. Proof: y•A= y\'•A, forming a pair of forces. According to the force balance: there must be a pair of forces above and below that balance it. 3. Derivation of stress formula: Three aspects: a. Deformation geometric relationship; b. Physical relationship; c. Balance relationship a. Deformation geometric relationship See the figure d • =ρd —— Shear angle d —— Torsion angle = •d /dx Explanation: Perpendicular to the radius b. Physical relationship: Experimental result: = G• G=E/(1+ ) G—— Shear elastic modulus —— Transverse linear strain From the previous formula: •(d /dx)•G= Explanation: is proportional to and is a linear function, perpendicular to the radius c. Static equilibrium relationship: Shear force on micro area d: •d , the micro torque d generated by this shear force = •d \'• Entire cross section: Mn = = =G That is: Mn= I • / —— Substitute into the above formula and the above formula can be written as: = Mn/Iρ Solid circle: Iρ= D4/32 Wn=Iρ/R= /16 Iρ= (D4-d4)/32 Wn= (D4-d4)/16Dτρ——Shear stress at any point on the cross section (maximum) max=Mn•R/Iρ=Mn/Wn 4. Strength condition: max=(Mn/Wn) [ ] 5. Thin-walled ring: Mk=MnMn=2 So Strength condition: max=Mmax/2 [ ] 6. Deformation calculation of circular torsion From the previous formula: d =(Mn/GIρ)dx Integrate both sides d ——Relative rotation angle of two cross sections with a distance of dx = = =MnL/GIρ 7—2 Strength calculation of shaft torsion 1. 1. Solid coaxial and hollow shafts on the cross section during torsion Mn——Torque (N•m) (KN•m) W——Torsion section coefficient (m3) 2. Strength conditions: [ ] 3. \"Three types of problems\" of strength; 1. Strength verification: [ ] 2. Select section size: W a. Solid shaft W, D b. Hollow shaft: W = (1- )/16 D 3. Allowable load: [M ] [ ]W. Then determine the external load. Explain the example 7-3. Stiffness calculation of circular shaft during torsion 1. Deformation during coaxial torsion: Where: Mn——Torque of a certain section (N•m) (KN•m) l——Coaxial length (m) G——Shear elastic modulus Pa MPa GPa Iρ——Polar moment of inertia. (m4) GIρ——Torsion stiffness of section 2. Stiffness conditions: Torsion angle per unit length: (radian/meter) That is: [ ]——Allowable torsion angle per unit length,——Check the specification Explain the example!
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