In a computer control system, the computer realizes the connection of industrial objects through I/O channels. The sensor senses the change of the measured physical quantity, which is converted into a signal acceptable to the control system by the transmitter and sent to the computer. According to the different signal forms, there are mainly two input channel modes: 1) Connected with the analog input channel AI. The analog input channel completes the task of collecting analog quantities and converting them into digital quantities and sending them to the computer. According to the different controlled parameters and control requirements, public operational amplifiers and A/D converters are currently widely used. Its main structure includes: signal processing device, sampling unit, sample holder, data amplifier, A/D converter and control circuit. The output of the transmitter can be a current signal or a voltage signal. The analog input channel AI of the computer is generally a voltage measurement channel. That is to say, it can be used to measure the voltage value connected to the input terminal. When the input range of AI is 0~2V, the transmitter output signal of 0~5V or 0~10V needs to be divided to change the range. When the transmitter output is current, the current signal needs to be converted into a corresponding voltage signal. After the analog input channel AI of the controller is connected to the voltage signal, it must go through the analog/digital conversion (A/D conversion). The core A/D converter of the AI channel samples and quantizes the analog signal to convert it into a digital quantity, which is then analyzed and processed by the computer. The sampling process realizes the sampling of the continuous analog signal f(t) into a discrete analog signal f*(t): f*(t) = f(t) Σ+∞n = -∞δ(t- nT) f(t) - continuous analog signal; f*(t) - discrete analog signal; δ(t-nT) - unit pulse function at t = nT. According to Shannon\'s sampling theorem, when the lower limit of the sampling frequency ωs ≥ 2ωmax (where ωs is the sampling frequency; ωmax is the highest frequency in f(t)), it can be considered that f*(t) can completely restore f(t). Then, through the quantization process, a set of digital numbers is used to approximate the amplitude of the discrete analog signal, and it is converted into a digital signal to realize the full functions of the AI channel. However, there are approximate principle errors and external interference in the conversion process when connected to the analog input channel AI, resulting in low signal conversion accuracy. In actual use, the input impedance of the A/D converter is very high. If the output of the transmitter is a voltage signal, the distance between the transmitter and the controller is long, and the wire is easily disturbed by the environmental electric and magnetic fields, superimposed with other voltages, resulting in large measurement errors or even invalidity. When the transmitter is a current output, the long-line transmission has a strong anti-interference ability.
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