The Running Security of the Transformer And the Relay ProtectionShi Wancai Yu Laicai(Pingdingshan Industrial College of Technology,Pingdingshan,Hanan,467001)Abstract: The article puts forward relevant safeguards through analyzing the transformer that may bear all kings of breakdowns and runs unusually states during the action, and conducts more detailed analyses。 Thus, it guarantees the safe operation of the transformer.Key words: transformer; running; security; relay protection Introduction As we know, the transformer is an important electrical equipment in the power supply system. Its failure will have a serious impact on the reliability of power supply and the safe operation of the system, and will also cause great economic losses. Therefore, we must install relatively comprehensive protection for important transformers. The faults of power transformers are divided into internal and external faults. Internal faults refer to various faults that occur inside the transformer oil tank, including interphase short circuit, interturn short circuit, and single-phase ground short circuit. External faults refer to various faults that occur on the external insulating sleeve of the oil tank and its lead wires, including interphase short circuit or grounding of the lead wire and insulating sleeve. At the same time, the transformer has some abnormal operating conditions, such as overload, low oil level, temperature rise, and overcurrent caused by external short circuit. In view of the above situation, we will adopt gas protection, quick-break protection, longitudinal differential protection, overcurrent protection, and overload protection for the transformer. 1. Gas protection of transformer The so-called gas protection device is when there is a fault inside the transformer oil tank, the arc generated by the short-circuit current or the heating of some internal components will cause the transformer oil and other insulating materials to decompose and produce a large amount of gas. The protection realized by using this gas as a signal is called a gas protection device. Gas protection is applicable to oil-immersed transformers with outdoor transformer capacity of 800kVA and above and indoor transformer capacity of 400kVA and above. Gas protection is divided into heavy gas protection and light gas protection. Heavy gas protection is used to protect the transformer oil tank from interphase short circuit and single-phase grounding fault, send out a signal and cut off the power supply. Light gas protection is used to protect the transformer oil tank from abnormal operating conditions such as interturn short circuit and oil level reduction, and generally only sends out a signal. The main component of gas protection is the gas relay, which is installed at the connecting pipe between the transformer oil tank and the oil pillow. When a fault occurs inside the transformer oil tank, the gas generated flows to the oil pillow and drives the gas relay to operate. Gas protection has fast action, high sensitivity, simple wiring and installation, and can reflect various types of faults inside the transformer oil tank. But it cannot reflect external faults of the transformer oil tank. 2. Transformer quick-break protection The transformer quick-break protection is installed on the power supply side because the gas protection cannot reflect the faults of the outer casing and lead wire of the oil tank. It cooperates with the gas protection to mainly realize the protection of the faults inside the transformer and on the casing and lead wire on the power supply side. Its principle wiring diagram is shown in Figure 1. The setting of the transformer\'s quick-break protection action current is based on avoiding the maximum three-phase short-circuit current of the transformer\'s external secondary busbar and the excitation inrush current when the transformer is put into operation without load. The transformer\'s current quick-break protection has the advantages of simple wiring and rapid action, but because its action current is set according to avoiding the maximum three-phase short-circuit current of the transformer\'s external secondary side, it can only protect the power supply side bushing and lead wire and part of the primary side winding from phase-to-phase short-circuit faults.
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