_The working principle of TFT-LCD liquid crystal displayThe working principle of TFT-LCD liquid crystal displayClassification of liquid crystal (LC, liquid crystal) We generally believe that substances have three states like water, namely solid, liquid and gas. In fact, the three states of substances are for water. For different substances, there may be other different states. As for the liquid crystal state we are going to talk about, it is a state between solid and liquid. In fact, this state is only a phase change process of the material (see Figure 1). As long as the material has the above process, that is, there is such a state between the solid and liquid states, physicists call it liquid crystal. [pic] The first discovery of this liquid crystal has been more than a hundred years ago. In 1888 AD, it was discovered by Friedrich Reinitzer, an Austrian botanist. When observing the melting behavior of cholesterol benzoate separated and refined from plants, he found that when this compound was heated to 145.5 degrees ℃, the solid would melt and present a semi-molten flowing turbid liquid between the solid phase and the liquid phase. This condition will continue until the temperature rises to 178.5 degrees ℃, forming a clear isotropic liquid. The following year, in 1889, O.Lehmann, a German physicist who studied phase transition and thermodynamic equilibrium, made a more detailed analysis of this compound. He found under a polarizing microscope that this viscous semi-fluid white liquid compound has the optical property of birefringence, which is unique to anisotropic crystals, that is, optical anisotropy. Therefore, this crystal-like liquid is named liquid crystal. Since then, scientists have called this newly discovered property the fourth state of matter - liquid crystal. It has the characteristics of both liquid and solid within a certain temperature range. Generally speaking, for water, the lattice in the solid begins to absorb heat and break due to heating...
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