DC bias is an abnormal working state of the transformer, which means that a DC component appears in the excitation current of the transformer. In the DC transmission system, due to the working characteristics of the converter station, a DC current component flows through the winding of the converter transformer, resulting in a DC bias phenomenon. This phenomenon will have an adverse effect on the normal operation of the converter transformer, such as distortion of the excitation current, increase in transformer core loss, and increase in leakage flux caused by high core saturation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze this phenomenon from the perspective of electromagnetic field. Due to the nonlinearity of ferromagnetic materials, the superposition principle cannot be used to analyze the excitation situation during DC bias. To this end, this paper applies the two-dimensional transient field circuit direct coupling finite element method, and with the help of the large-scale finite element analysis software Ansoft, quantitatively analyzes the excitation current waveform of the converter transformer under no-load operation under the action of different levels of DC bias current. The results show that DC bias causes the magnetic flux density in the core to shift, and the corresponding excitation current waveform presents an asymmetric shape of positive and negative half-waves, and the greater the DC bias, the more serious the distortion of the excitation current. On the basis of finding the relationship between DC bias and excitation current peak value, a method based on core no-load loss data is applied to quantitatively analyze the core loss of converter transformer under different levels of DC bias current. The results show that with the increase of DC bias current, the core loss will also increase, which will cause the core temperature to rise. In severe cases, it will cause local overheating of the core, affecting the normal operation of the transformer. In the leakage magnetic field analysis, the types and effects of transformer leakage magnetic field are discussed. After reasonable simplification, a two-dimensional leakage magnetic field calculation model of converter transformer is established. The two-dimensional transient field circuit direct coupling finite element method is applied to analyze the distribution of leakage magnetic field of converter transformer under different levels of DC bias current. The results show that with the increase of DC bias, the change law of leakage magnetic field components at different positions remains basically unchanged, but the leakage magnetic field is increasing, and the rate of increase of leakage magnetic field components at different positions is different.
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