4G is coming4G is comingA race is underway to win 4G mobile broadband wireless communications. The prize money for the first one to reach the finish line, or for anyone who can reach the finish line, will be very considerable, but the problem is that the finish line keeps moving forward, and the fourth generation system (4G) has not yet been finalized. In fact, the allocation of global spectrum may not be completed until 2007, and the standards may not be completed until then. Despite this, many teams or organizations around the world have invested a lot of time, energy, money and talent in 4G to ensure that they are ahead of the game. Any road race has three basic elements: the track, the vehicles and the people. The global wave of efforts to develop 4G systems and devices can be regarded as a race. Just as the track sets the boundary conditions for the race, its standards set the boundaries for communication. The first topic of this article is the development of 4G standards from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to the national and regional standards development organizations (SDOs). The second part of this article will focus on the work of the industry-related engineers, high-tech companies, and university research labs who work day after day to ensure that their team wins the race. In the end, each team needs a car to propel it to the finish line. In the 4G race, the car is the underlying technology that makes communications more seamless, useful, and powerful. In the final chapter of this article, we will discuss some of the major enabling technologies that are driving the race. We will also analyze the engineering and testing challenges facing designers of 4G systems and equipment. The track: Setting the standards If you ask 10 people what 4G is, you will get 10 different answers. The more important question is: How do we get to 4G? When looking for guidance or direction, it helps to start at the highest level, the ITU, a United Nations-chartered advisory organization that provides health and safety requirements to national authorities. These authorities, in turn, are responsible for regulating the radio industry in their respective countries. The ITU is divided into three main sectors. Each sector is divided into several study groups that do most of the technical work. All ITU guidelines are developed according to a formal process. The research team focused on those areas that warrant further research...
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