Low power consumption, 3V working voltage, 0.05% accuracy A/D converter: The ADC circuit in 1 is simple and small in size. It does not require negative power supply and expensive precision components, and consumes very low power supply current (only 10μA). One A/D conversion includes 12,000 comparisons, and the conversion time is about 300 milliseconds. The circuit works as follows: After each level comparison, the microcontroller (μC) closes one of the two analog switches: IC2A is closed when the comparator outputs a high level, and IC2B is closed when the output is a low level. The B terminals of the two switches are either connected to the 1.2V reference VREF or to ground, resulting in a pulse width modulated signal (PWM), which is filtered by a low-pass filter composed of R3 and C1 and connected to the non-inverting terminal of the IC1 (MAX951) amplifier. The inverting terminal of the op amp is connected to VIN through resistor R4, and the differential amplifier output is sent to the V+ terminal of the comparator in IC1 and compared with VREF. The result is that the integrated error voltage increases or decreases, and the microcontroller counts the number of times the comparator output is high (IC2A is closed). This number, NH divided by 12,000, equals the duty cycle of the PWM pulse. Since the system is completely in metric units, the PWM duty cycle NH/12,000=VIN/VREF. Substituting VREF=1.2V into this formula, we get: VIN=NH/10,000. Using Figure 1, the LCD module can directly display the voltage value, just like a DPM (digital processing machine). In embedded applications, the subroutine \"DVM\" produces the actual A/D conversion results. When the spacing constant (i.e., the number of comparisons) is set to 12,000, an A/D conversion time is 300 milliseconds, the measurement accuracy is 4.5 digits, and the full-scale output value is 1.1999. If you want to shorten the A/D conversion time to 30 milliseconds, you can set the spacing constant to 1200, but the measurement accuracy is only 3.5 digits, and the full-scale output value is 1.199.
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