14 Misunderstandings in Circuit Design 14 Misunderstandings in Circuit Design --- ZT Release Date: 2006-01-11 Author: Lu Hanrenyuan Phenomenon 1: The PCB design requirements for this board are not high, so use thinner wires and do automatic wiring. Comment: Automatic wiring will inevitably occupy a larger PCB area and generate many times more vias than manual wiring. In large-volume products, the factors that PCB manufacturers consider for price reductions, in addition to business factors, are line width and the number of vias. They affect the PCB yield and the number of drill bits consumed, respectively, saving the supplier\'s cost and finding a reason for price reduction. Phenomenon 2: These bus signals are pulled with resistors, which makes me feel more at ease. Comment: There are many reasons why signals need to be pulled up and down, but not all of them need to be pulled. When a simple input signal is pulled up and down through the pull-up resistor, the current is less than tens of microamperes, but when a driven signal is pulled up, the current will reach the milliampere level. The current system often has 32 bits of address data each, and there may be 244/245 isolated buses and other signals. If all of them are pulled up, several watts of power consumption will be consumed by these resistors. Phenomenon 3: How to deal with these unused I/O ports of CPU and FPGA? Leave it empty for now and talk about it later. Comment: If the unused I/O port is left floating, it may become an input signal that oscillates repeatedly due to a little interference from the outside world, and the power consumption of MOS devices basically depends on the number of flip-flops of the gate circuit. If it is pulled up, each pin will also have a microampere current, so the best way is to set it as an output (of course, other driven signals cannot be connected outside) Phenomenon 4: This FPGA still has so many gates left to use, so you can give it your best play Comment: The power consumption of FGPA is proportional to the number of flip-flops used and the number of flip-flops, so the power consumption of the same model of FPGA at different times in different circuits may differ by 100 times. Minimizing the number of high-speed flip-flops is the fundamental way to reduce FPGA power consumption. Phenomenon 5: The power consumption of these small chips is very low, so there is no need to consider it. Comment: It is difficult to determine the power consumption of chips with less complex internal components. It is mainly determined by the current on the pins. An ABT16244 consumes less than 1 mA without load, but its indicator is that each pin can drive a 60 mA load (such as matching a resistor of tens of ohms), that is, the maximum power consumption at full load can reach 60*16=96...
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