Handbook of Electrostatics1Handbook of Electrostatics Book 1Basics of ElectrostaticsPrinciple of Static ElectricityHow Static Electricity is GeneratedStatic Electricity CharacteristicsStatic Electricity Charge and Electric FieldElectrode LinesCapacitanceConductors and InsulatorsI Basics of ElectrostaticsI-3I-1 The Process of Static Electricity GenerationI-3Contact ChargingI-3I-2 Generation of Static Electricity in Real LifeI-4Friction ChargingI-4Separation ChargingI-5Static Electricity InductionI-5PolarizationI-5I-3 Properties of ElectricityI-6Static Electricity CharacteristicsI-6Charge and Electricity CharacteristicsI-6I-4Quantity of Charge and Electric FieldI-7Coulomb\'s LawI-7Electrode FieldI-8I-5Electrode LinesI-9Gauss\'s TheoremI-9I-6Static Electricity CapacitanceI-11Calculation of Static Electricity CapacitanceI-11I-7Conductors and InsulatorsI-13 I. Basics of ElectrostaticsI. Basics of ElectrostaticsI-1 The Process of Static Electricity GenerationFigure 1-1-1: The process of static electricity generation at the atomic level The structure of atoms In general, atoms are neutral (stable) because they have the same number of protons and electrons, for example, 5 protons (positively charged) and 5 electrons (negatively charged). Based on the natural state of objects on Earth, it is believed that there are no objects that do not generate static electricity. The materials that make them up may be the same or different, and the state may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. For example, lightning is a type of static electricity generated by friction between water vapor particles condensing in clouds. Static electricity is also generated when gas or liquid passes through pipes or hoses at high speed. This static electricity can cause problems in various industries, such as explosions when cleaning the inside of containers, reducing the efficiency of production processes, or causing aging of semiconductor equipment. So, what exactly causes static electricity? Figure 1-1-1 shows the process of static electricity generation at the atomic level. Contact charging If two objects come into contact and generate friction or separate, an electron jumps out of the atom. Therefore, there are 5 protons and 4 electrons in the atom. Since there are more protons, the atom is positively charged. All objects are made up of atoms. The nucleus inside an atom is composed of electrons with positive and negative charges. Under normal circumstances, the number of electrons and protons in an atom is equal, maintaining an electrical balance and a stable state (0 V). The contact band…
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