Cell fusion, also known as somatic hybridization, refers to the process of two or more identical or different cells forming a single cell through membrane fusion. In 1838, Muller observed that tumor cells of vertebrates could spontaneously fuse in vivo to produce multinucleated tumor cells. Virchow described the phenomenon of multinucleated cells in normal tissues, inflamed tissues, and tumor tissues in 1858. Luginbuhl observed in 1873 that multinucleated blood cells were also present in the blood of smallpox patients. In 1875, Lange was the first to observe the fusion process of blood cells in vertebrates (frogs). Cienkawski (1876), Buck (1877), and Geddes (1880) discovered the phenomenon of cell fusion in invertebrates. In 1958, Japanese scholar Okada discovered that Sendai virus has the effect of triggering animal cell fusion. In 1974, Chinese-Canadian scholar Gao Guonan founded the polyethylene glycol (PEG) chemical fusion method. In 1975, Kohler and Milstein successfully fused mouse B-lymphocytes and myeloma cells to produce hybridoma cells that can secrete predetermined monoclonal antibodies. In the 1980s, electrofusion technology appeared. The basic principles of cell fusion, common methods of cell fusion
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