MCU Interface Circuit Chapter 5 MCU System Expansion and Interface Technology Basic requirements of this chapter: Through the study of this chapter, you will mainly master the MCU bus structure, common storage chips and their interface methods with MCU; MCU port expansion technology; keyboard and display interface technology; switch input and output control, A/D and D/A conversion technology; and the application of related interface chips. 5.1 Memory Expansion Technology MCS-51 series MCU has 64KB program memory space, of which 8051 and 8751 have 4KB program memory on the chip, and 8031 has no program memory on the chip. When 8051, 8751 is used and the program exceeds 4KB or 8031 is used, the program memory needs to be expanded. In addition, the program memory space and data memory space of MCS-51 series MCU are independent of each other. The off-chip data memory can reach 64KB, while the on-chip data memory is only 128 bytes, which may not be enough for some applications. At this time, the internal data memory needs to be expanded externally. As mentioned in the previous chapters, the MCS-51 microcontroller does not have a dedicated address bus (AB), data bus (DB) and control bus (CB) for external use. Therefore, when expanding the system, the three buses of the system must be expanded first. 5.1.1 Three Buses of the Microcontroller System (1) External Bus Expansion The MCS-51 pin ALE can be used to expand the external bus. During the period when ALE is at a valid high level, the P0 port outputs the lower 8-bit address A7~A0. Therefore, it is only necessary to expand an address latch outside the CPU chip and use the valid high-level edge of ALE as the latch signal to latch the address information of the P0 port until ALE is valid again. During the invalid period of ALE, the P0 port transmits data and is used as a data bus port. Therefore, the P0 port is actually a time-division multiplexed address/data bus. The P2 port outputs the higher 8-bit address A15~A8. The read/write control signal is then expanded through the second function of the P3 port. Finally, P0, P2, P3 (second function) and address latch form the three buses of the system. Figure 5.1 is a schematic diagram of the external three buses of the MCS-51 microcontroller. Figure 5.1 MCS-51 external three buses are usually used as a single chip...
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