EDFA uses erbium-doped single-mode fiber as the gain medium, produces population inversion under the action of pump light, and realizes stimulated emission amplification under the induction of signal light. The signal light and the light wave with a shorter wavelength (pump light) are transmitted along the fiber at the same time. The energy of the pump light is absorbed by the rare earth element ions in the fiber, causing it to transition to a higher energy level, and can be transferred to the energy of the signal light through stimulated emission between energy levels. The signal light is amplified along the length of the fiber, and the pump light is continuously attenuated along the length of the fiber.
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