Advantages and Routing Strategies of Differential Signal Line Routing in PCB Design Advantages and Routing Strategies of Differential Signal Line Routing in PCB Design Differential signal pairs that are routed very close to each other will also be tightly coupled to each other. This mutual coupling will reduce EMI emission. The main disadvantage of differential signal lines is that they increase the area of the PCB. This article introduces the routing strategies for differential signal line routing in the PCB design process. As we all know, signals have the characteristic of being transmitted along the signal line or under the PCB line. Even if we may not be familiar with the single-ended mode routing strategy, the term single-ended distinguishes this transmission characteristic of the signal from the differential mode and common mode signal transmission methods, which are usually more complicated. Differential and Common Mode Differential mode signals are transmitted through a pair of signal lines. One signal line transmits the signal we usually understand; the other signal line transmits a signal of equal value but opposite direction (at least in theory). There is little difference between differential and single-ended modes at first, because all signals have loops. Single-ended mode signals usually return through a zero voltage circuit (or ground). Each signal in the differential signal must return through the ground circuit. Since each signal pair is actually equal and opposite, the return circuits simply cancel each other out, so there is no differential signal return component on the zero voltage or ground circuit. Common mode refers to the signal appearing on both signal lines of a (differential) signal line pair, or on a single-ended signal line and ground at the same time. Understanding this concept is not intuitive because it is difficult to imagine how such a signal is generated. This is mainly because we do not usually generate common mode signals. Most common mode signals are noise signals generated in the circuit according to hypothetical situations or coupled in by adjacent or external signal sources. Common mode signals are almost always \"harmful\" and many design rules are designed to prevent common mode signals from appearing. Routing of differential signal lines is usually (of course there are some exceptions) differential signals are also high-speed signals, so high-speed design rules usually apply to differential signal routing, especially when designing signal lines such as transmission lines1. This means that we must design the routing of signal lines very carefully to ensure that the characteristic impedance of the signal line is continuous and constant along the signal line. In the process of layout and routing of differential line pairs...
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