How to deal with some theoretical conflicts in actual wiring 1. How to deal with some theoretical conflicts in actual wiring Q: In actual wiring, many theories conflict with each other; for example: 1. How to deal with multiple analog/digital ground connections: In theory, they should be isolated from each other, but in actual miniaturization and high-density wiring, due to space limitations or absolute isolation, the small signal analog ground routing is too long, making it difficult to achieve the theoretical connection. My approach is to divide the ground of the analog/digital functional module into a complete island, and the analog/digital ground of the functional module is connected to this island. Then connect the island to the \"large\" ground through a channel. I wonder if this approach is correct? 2. In theory, the connection between the crystal oscillator and the CPU should be as short as possible. Due to the structural layout, the connection between the crystal oscillator and the CPU is relatively long and thin, so it is interfered and unstable. How to solve this problem from the wiring? There are many such problems, especially considering EMC and EMI issues in high-speed PCB wiring, there are many conflicts, which is a headache. How to solve these conflicts? Thank you! Answer: 1. Basically, it is right to separate the analog/digital ground. It should be noted that the signal routing should not cross the split place (moat) as much as possible, and the returning current path of the power supply and signal should not be too large. 2. The crystal oscillator is an analog positive feedback oscillation circuit. To have a stable oscillation signal, the loop gain and phase specifications must be met. However, the oscillation specifications of the analog signal are easily interfered with. Even if ground guard traces are added, it may not be possible to completely isolate the interference. Moreover, if they are too far away, the noise on the ground plane will also affect the positive feedback oscillation circuit. Therefore, the distance between the crystal oscillator and the chip must be as close as possible. 3. It is true that there are many conflicts between high-speed wiring and EMI requirements. But the basic principle is that the resistors, capacitors or ferrite beads added due to EMI cannot cause some electrical characteristics of the signal to not meet the specifications. Therefore, it is best to use the techniques of arranging routing and PCB stacking to solve or reduce EMI problems, such as routing high-speed signals on the inner layer. Finally, use resistors, capacitors or ferrite beads to reduce damage to the signal. 2. The clock is in...
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