Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a technology that uses nanosecond narrow pulses to send information. This paper focuses on a UWB ultra-narrow pulse generator that uses a cascaded avalanche transistor structure, and specifically analyzes its circuit and the working principle of the avalanche transistor. The experimentally obtained UWB output pulse width is about 1.22ns, and the rise time is about 863ps. At present, UWB technology has become a new hot spot in international wireless communication technology research and is increasingly valued and concerned. On February 14, 2002, the U.S. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) approved the civilian sale and use of UWB products for the first time. UWB, or ultra-wideband, is a technology that uses nanosecond ultra-narrow pulses to send information. Its signal relative bandwidth, that is, the ratio of signal bandwidth to center frequency, is greater than 25%. The time domain waveform and spectrum diagram of a typical UWB pulse signal with a center frequency of 2GHz (i.e., a width of 500ps) are shown in Figure 1. General communication technologies modulate signals from baseband to carriers, while UWB directly modulates impulse pulses with very steep rise and fall times, thus having a bandwidth of the order of GHz. UWB has the advantages of low power spectrum density of transmitted signals (tens of mW range), difficulty in interception, multipath resistance, low cost, and excellent ability to penetrate obstacles. It is especially suitable for high-speed wireless access and communication, radar, positioning, car collision avoidance, liquid level sensing and height measurement applications in dense multipath places such as indoors. The UWB information modulation method needs to be considered in combination with the UWB propagation characteristics and pulse generation method. Pulse Position Modulation and Antipodal Modulation can usually be used. PPM modulation is used here.
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