Basic knowledge of batteries 1.1 Definition of batteries A battery is a device that converts the energy generated by the chemical reaction of a substance directly into electrical energy. When charging, it converts electrical energy into chemical energy and stores the energy in chemical form. When discharging, it converts chemical energy into electrical energy and releases the energy in the form of electrical energy. 1.2 Classification of batteries Batteries can be divided into the following categories according to the working properties of chemical power sources: (1) Primary battery (primary battery) After continuous or intermittent discharge, the active substances at the two poles cannot be restored to their initial state by charging, that is, the reaction is irreversible, so the active substances at the two poles can only be used once. Primary batteries are small and easy to carry, but the discharge current is not large. They are generally used in instruments and various electronic components. Common primary batteries include: zinc-manganese dry battery Zn|NH4Cl, ZnCl2|MnO2 alkaline manganese dry battery Zn|KOH|MnO2 zinc-silver battery Zn|KOH|Ag2O (2) Storage battery (secondary battery) When the battery is working, the reactions at the two poles are all reversible reactions. Therefore, the active materials at both electrodes can be restored to their initial state by charging, thereby obtaining the ability to regenerate discharge. This type of battery can be charged and discharged multiple times. Common batteries include: Lead-acid battery Pb | H2SO4 | PbO2 Cadmium nickel battery Cd | KOH | NiOOH Zinc-air battery Zn | KOH | O2 (air) Nickel-metal hydride battery MH | KOH | NiOOH Lithium-ion battery LiCoO2 | Organic electrolyte |
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