EM MICROELECTRONIC
- MARIN SA
EM4469
512 bit Read/Write Contactless Identification Device
Description
EM4469 is a CMOS integrated circuit intended for use in
electronic Read/Write RF transponders.
The IC is powered by picking the energy from a
continuous 125 kHz magnetic field via an external coil,
which together with the integrated capacitor form a
resonant circuit. The IC read out data from its internal
EEPROM and sends it out by switching on and off a
resistive load in parallel to the coil. Commands and
EEPROM data updates can be executed by 100% AM
modulation of the 125 kHz magnetic field.
There are several data rate and data encoding options
available. Options are stored in EEPROM Configuration
word. Read and write access to EEPROM can be
protected by 32 bit password. All EEPROM words can be
write protected by setting lock bits which transform them
in read-only.
It contains factory programmed and locked 32 bit UID
number, chip type and customer code.
Features
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
512 bit EEPROM organised in 16 words of 32 bits
32 bit Password read and write protection
32 bit unique identification number (UID)
10 bit Customer code
Lock feature convert EEPROM words in read only
Multi-purpose encoding (Manchester, Biphase, Miller,
PSK, FSK)
Multi-purpose data rate from 1 up to 32 Kbaud
Power-check for EEPROM write operation
100 to 150 kHz frequency range
On-chip rectifier and voltage limiter
No external supply buffer capacitor needed
-40 to +85°C temperature range
Very low Power consumption
EM4469: trimmed resonant capacitor integrated on
chip (330pF, 250pF or 75pF mask option)
Applications
§
§
§
Access Control
Animal Identification
Material Logistics
Typical Operating Configuration
C1
L
C2
EM4469
Fig. 1
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2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
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EM4469
Absolute Maximum Ratings
V
SS
= 0V
Parameter
Input current on
COIL1/COIL2
Operating temperature range
Storage temperature range
Electrostatic discharge to
MIL-STD-883C method 3015
Symbol
I
COIL
T
OP
T
STORE
V
ESD
Conditions
-30 to +30mA
-40 to +85°C
-55 to +125°C
2000V
Table 1
Handling Procedures
This device has built-in protection against high static
voltages or electric fields. However due to the unique
properties of this device, anti-static precautions should be
taken as for any other CMOS component. Unless
otherwise specified, proper operation can only occur when
all terminal voltages are kept within the supply voltage
range.
Operating Conditions
V
SS
= 0V
Parameter
Operating temperature
AC voltage on coil pins
Maximum coil current
Frequency on coil pins
Symbol Min.
T
OP
-40
V
COIL1
I
COIL1
-10
F
COIL1
100
Typ. Max. Units
+25 +85
°C
*
V
pp
10
mA
125 150
kHz
Table 2
Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause
permanent damages to the device. Exposure beyond
specified operating conditions may affect device reliability
or cause malfunction.
*) Maximum voltage is defined by forcing 10mA on
Coil1 – Coil2
Electrical Characteristics
V
POS
= 2.0 V, V
SS
= 0 V, f
COIL1
= 125 kHz square wave, V
COIL1
= 4V
PP
, T
OP
= 25°C, unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Supply current in read mode
Supply current write mode
Modulator ON voltage drop
Limiter
POR level
Clock extractor input min.
Resonance capacitor
Symbol
I
RD
I
WR
V
on1
V
LIM
V
POR
V
COIL1
C
R
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
1.8
25
2.2
2.4
8
1.3
1.4
330
250
75
Max.
3.0
40
2.8
3.2
Unit
µA
µA
V
V
V
V
V
PP
pF
pF
pF
years
cycles
Table 3
(Note 1)
I (
COIL2
-
COIL1
) =
±100µA
I (
COIL2
-
COIL1
) =
±5mA
I (
COIL2
-
COIL1
) =
±10mA
Rising edge
330 pF option
250 pF option
75 pF option
T
OP
= 55°C
V
POS
= 3.0 V
320
245
70
10
100000
340
255
80
(Note 3)
(Note 3)
(Note 3)
(Note 2)
EEPROM data retention
EEPROM write cycles
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
T
RET
N
CY
Data rate f
RF
/64, Manchester code
Based on 1000 hours at 150°C.
applies only on EM4469 device
Timing Characteristics
V
POS
= 2.0 V, V
SS
= 0 V, f
COIL1
= 125 kHz square wave, V
COIL1
= 4V
PP
, T
OP
= 25°C,
Data rate f
RF
/64, Manchester code unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Data Extractor timeout
t
MONO
EEPROM programming time
t
Wee
Power Check time
t
PC
Initalisation after Write Word
t
INI
Power-up initialisation
t
PU
Processing Pause
t
PP
Min.
20
Typ.
30
6.7
512
928
2.5
544
Max.
40
Unit
µs
ms
µs
µs
ms
µs
Table 4
3.0
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2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
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EM4469
Block Diagram
Clock
Extractor
EEPROM
Data
Extractor
Modulator
V
POS
COIL1
C
R
COIL2
V
SS
Fig. 2
Logic
Power
Check
Power
Supply
C
buf
Power on
Reset
Reset
Functional Description
The IC builds its power supply through an integrated
rectifier. When it is placed in a magnetic field the DC
internal voltage starts to increase.
As long the power supply is lower than the power on
reset (POR) threshold, the circuit is in reset mode to
prevent unreliable operation. In this mode the Modulator
is off.
After the supply voltage cross the POR threshold, the
circuit reads configuration word and then enters in default
read mode according to configuration just read. During
the configuration word readout the Modulator is also off.
While the IC is operating in Default Read mode it checks
the coil signal to detect eventual command from reader.
In the case reader field stops for a period longer then
T
MONO
it interrupts read mode and expects reader to send
the command. In the case a valid command pattern is
detected the command is executed. After execution of
command the default read mode is entered.
VDD
VPOR
Hysteresis
t
Reset
EM4469
Active
t
Fig. 3
Block Description
Power Supply
This block integrates an AC/DC converter, which extracts
the DC power from the incident RF field. It will also acts
as limiter, which clamps the voltage on coil terminals to
avoid chip destruction in strong RF fields.
Power On Reset (POR)
When the EM4469 with its attached coil enters an
electromagnetic field, the built in AC/DC converter will
supply the chip. The DC voltage is monitored and a
Reset signal is generated to initialise the logic. The
Power On Reset is also provided in order to make sure
that the chip will start issuing correct data.
Hysteresis is provided to avoid improper operation at the
limit level.
Clock Extractor
The Clock extractor will generate a system clock with a
frequency corresponding to the frequency of the RF field
(f
RF
). The system clock is used by a sequencer to
generate all internal timings.
Data Extractor
The transceiver generated field will be amplitude
modulated (field stops) to transmit data to the EM4469.
The Data extractor detects absence of signal on coil
terminals for period longer then T
MONO
.
Modulator
The Data Modulator is driven by Logic. When Modulator
is switched ON it will draw a large current from both coil
terminals, thus amplitude modulating the RF field.
Power Check
This block is used to check whether there is enough
power available to securely write EEPROM.
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EM4469
Logic
Logic is composed of several sub-blocks, which are
described in the following text.
Controller
Controller controls the state of the IC. Its main states are
Power Off (power supply below POR level), Power-up
Initialisation, Default Read, Command processing and
Disabled state.
Configuration register
At power-up when power supply level gets higher the
POR threshold the content of EEPROM Configuration
word is transferred in Configuration register to define
default operating mode of the IC.
Sequencer
It gets clock signal from Clock extractor and generates
Data Rate clock and other timing signals needed for
operation of other blocks. Data rate is defined by number
‘n’ stored in Configuration word.
Encoder
Encoder encodes serial NRZ data before it is transmitted
to Modulator. It has several options implemented to give
different codes, which are frequently used in RFID
(Manchester, Biphase, Miller, PSK, FSK).
Command Decoder
Command Decoder observes output of Data Extractor.
When a field stop is detected it puts Controller in
Command Processing state and starts to decode data
coming in.
FROM
CLOCK
EXTRACTOR
SEQUENCER
TO ALL
BLOCKS
TO
CONFIGURATION
REGISTER
FROM
EEPROM
CONTROLLER
EEPROM
ENCODER
TO
MODULATOR
FROM
DATA
EXTRACTOR
COMMAND
DECODER
Fig.4
EEPROM Organisation
The 512 bits of EEPROM are organised in 16 words of
32 bits.
The EEPROM words are numbered from 0 to 15, bits in a
word are numbered from 0 to 31. The LSB first principle
is always respected.
The 32 bits of EEPROM word are programmed with one
Write Word Command.
The first two words are factory programmed Read Only
words (words 0 and 1). They are assigned to Chip Type,
Chip Version, Customer Code and
Unique Identification Number (UID).
The next three words (words 2 to 4) are used to define
device operation options (Housekeeping words). They
consist of Password word, Protection word and
Configuration word.
Words 5 to 15 are user free (352 user free bits).
Addr.
(dec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
4
Description
Chip Type,
Resonant Cap.,
Customer Code
UID
Password
Protection word
Configuration word
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
User free
Type
RO
RO
WO
OTP
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
RW
b
0
,..
ct
0
uid
0
ps
0
pr
0
co
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
us
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
..,b
31
ct
31
uid
31
ps
31
pr
31
co
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
us
31
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2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
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EM4469
Word types:
RW:
RO:
WO:
OTP:
Reading and Writing possible
Read Only, changing content of this word is not possible
Write Only, reading of this word is not possible
Bits of this word are One Time Programmable
Organisation of Configuration Word
Configuration word is used to define device operating
mode.
co
0
– co
5:
Data rate
Bits co
0
– co
5
define a binary number ‘n’ where co
0
is
LSB and co
5
is MSB. Data rate is defined as f
RF
/2(n+1),
where n
≥
1. The lowest data possible is therefore
f
RF
/128 and the highest f
RF
/4.
co
6
– co
9:
Encoder
co
6
– co
9
0000
1000
0100
1100
1010
0110
0001
other
co
10
, co
11:
Encoder
no encoding (NRZ)
Manchester
Biphase
Miller
PSK2
PSK3
FSK
not used
Chip Type is a fix 4 bit number indicating member of the
compatible family of chips. Resonant Capacitor is a fix 2
bit number indicating the value of integrated resonant
capacitor. Customer Code is a 10 bit fixed code
attributed to a customer. The other bits of word 0 are
reserved for future use.
Word 1 contains 32 bit Unique Identification number
(UID), which can not be changed by user.
The 32 bit Password word has to be sent in Login
command to enable password protected operations. The
Password word can not be read out by Read Word
command.
The Protection word protects EEPROM words from being
written. Every EEPROM word is protected by a pair of
bits in Protection word. Once this bit pair is set to 11 the
word cannot be written (it becomes read-only).
The Configuration word defines operating options:
Data rate, Encoder, Last default read word (LWR), use of
Password and some other options are defined in this
word.
PSK carrier frequency
co
10
, co
11
00
10
01
11
PSK CF
f
RF
/2
f
RF
/4
f
RF
/8
not used
Organisation of Word 0
Chip Type
Bits ct
1
to ct
4
of word 0 are indicating member of the
compatible family of chips.
ct
1
,..ct
4
0100
Chip Type
EM4469
co
12
, co
13:
Not used
co
14
- co
17
Last default read word (LWR)
Bits co
14
- co
17
contain the binary word address of last
word read in default read. co
17
is MSB and co
14
is LSB.
Please note that valid range is only from 5 to 15.
co
18:
Read login
In case this bit is set to logic 1 the reading of all words
except RO words 0 and 1 by using Read Word command
is protected. In order to read any of these words using
Read Word command a Login Flag has to be set.
co
19:
Read Housekeeping login
In case this bit is set to logic 1 the reading of all
Housekeeping words by using Read Word command is
protected. In order to read any Housekeeping word using
Read Word command a Login Flag has to be set. Of
course Password (word 2) can not be read since reading
of this word is never possible.
Resonant Capacitor
Bits ct
5
and ct
6
are used to indicate resonant capacitor
value.
ct
5
,ct
6
00
10
01
11
Resonant cap
no resonant
capacitor
75 pF
250 pF
330 pF
Customer Code
Bits ct
9
to ct
18
are attributed to Customer code. Every
customer can ask to get its own customer code. Default
Customer code is 1000000000, where the leftmost bit is
ct
9.
Bits ct
0,
ct
7,
ct
8
and ct
19
- ct
31
are reserved for future use
and are set to 0.
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