QM48 Series - 45A
The
QmaX Series
of high current single output DC/DC
converters from di/dt sets new standards for thermal per-
formance and power density in the quarter brick package.
The
45A QM48
converters of the
QmaX Series
provide
thermal performance in high temperature environments that
is comparable to or exceeds the industry’s leading 50A half
bricks. This is accomplished through the use of patent pend-
ing circuit, packaging and processing techniques to achieve
ultra-high efficiency, excellent thermal management and a
very low body profile.
The
QM48T45
converters have a power density of up to
145 W/in
3
, more than twice that of competitors’ 50A half
bricks. Over 2 square inches of board space can be saved
for every slot in which a 50A half brick is replaced with a
QM48T45
converter from di/dt.
Low body profile and the preclusion of heatsinks minimize
impedance to system airflow, thus enhancing cooling for
downstream devices. The use of 100% automation for as-
sembly, coupled with di/dt’s advanced electric and thermal
design, results in a product with extremely high reliability.
Operating from a 36-75 V input, the
QmaX Series
con-
verters provide any standard output voltage from 3.3 V down
to 1.0 V. Outputs can be trimmed from –20% to +10% of the
nominal output voltage (±10% for output voltages 1.2 V and
1.0 V), thus providing outstanding design flexibility.
TM
TM
TM
Data Sheet
QM48T45 Converters
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Delivers up to 45 A (150 W)
Industry-standard quarter brick pinout
Higher current capability at 70ºC than most com-
petitors’ 50 A half bricks
On-board input differential LC-filter
Outputs available: 3.3, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2 & 1.0 V
High efficiency – no heatsink required
Start up into pre-biased output
No minimum load required
Lowest profile in industry: 0.31” [7.9 mm]
Lowest weight in industry: 1.1 oz [31.5 g] typical
Meets Basic Insulation requirements of EN60950
Withstands 100 V input transient for 100 ms
Fixed frequency operation
Fully protected
Remote output sense
Output voltage trim range: +10%/−20% with Industry-
standard trim equations (except 1.2 V and 1.0 V out-
puts with trim range
±10%)
High reliability: MTBF of 2.6 million hours, calculated
per Telcordia TR-332, Method I Case 1
Positive or negative logic ON/OFF option
UL 60950 recognized in US and Canada and DEMKO
certified per IEC/EN 60950 (pending)
Meets conducted emissions requirements of FCC
Class B and EN 55022 Class B with external filter
All materials meet UL94, V-0 flammability rating
Applications
•
•
•
Telecommunications
Data communications
Wireless
Servers
•
QM48T45 Family DS Ver 3 03-27-03
USA Toll Free 866 WOW-didt
Page 1 of 37
QM48 Series - 45A
Electrical Specifications
(common to all versions)
Conditions: T
A
=25ºC, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, All output voltages, unless otherwise specified.
Data Sheet
PARAMETER
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Operating Ambient Temperature
Storage Temperature
Continuous
NOTES
MIN
0
-40
-55
36
TYP
MAX
80
85
125
UNITS
Vdc
°C
°C
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
nF
MΩ
kHz
%
%
%
%
°C
ms
ms
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
Input Under Voltage Lockout
Turn-on Threshold
Turn-off Threshold
Input Voltage Transient
48
34
32
75
35
33
100
Non-latching
33
31
100 ms
2000
1.4
10
415
Industry-std. equations (3.3
-
1.5 V)
Use trim equation on Page 4 (1.2
-
1.0 V)
Percent of V
OUT
(
NOM
)
Non-latching
Non-latching
Applies to all protection features
-20
-10
117
128
125
100
4
+10
+10
+10
140
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
I/O Isolation
Isolation Capacitance
Isolation Resistance
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency
1
Output Voltage Trim Range
Remote Sense Compensation
Output Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Temperature Shutdown (PCB)
Auto-Restart Period
Turn-On Time
ON/OFF Control (Positive Logic)
Converter Off
Converter On
ON/OFF Control (Negative Logic)
Converter Off
Converter On
1
-20
2.4
2.4
-20
0.8
20
20
0.8
Additional Notes:
1. Vout can be increased up to 10% via the sense leads or up to 10% via the trim function, however total output voltage trim from all sources
should not exceed 10% of V
OUT
(
NOM
), in order to insure specified operation of over-voltage protection circuitry.
QM48T45 Family DS Ver 3 03-27-03
USA Toll Free 866 WOW-didt
Page 2 of 37
QM48 Series - 45A
Operation
Input and Output Impedance
These power converters have been designed to be stable
with no external capacitors when used in low inductance in-
put and output circuits.
However, in many applications, the inductance associated
with the distribution from the power source to the input of the
converter can affect the stability of the converter. The addi-
tion of a 33 µF electrolytic capacitor with an ESR < 1
Ω
across the input helps ensure stability of the converter. In
many applications, the user has to use decoupling capaci-
tance at the load. The power converter will exhibit stable op-
eration with external load capacitance up to 40,000 µF on
3.3 – 1.0 V outputs.
Data Sheet
age of
≤
0.8 V. An external voltage source of
±20
V max.
may be connected directly to the ON/OFF input, in which
case it should be capable of sourcing or sinking (depending
on the signal polarity) up to 1 mA. See the Start-up Informa-
tion section for system timing waveforms associated with
use of the ON/OFF pin.
Remote Sense (Pins 5 and 7)
The remote sense feature of the converter compensates for
voltage drops occurring between the output pins of the con-
verter and the load. The SENSE(-) (Pin 5) and SENSE(+)
(Pin 7) pins should be connected at the load or at the point
where regulation is required (see Fig. B).
Vin (+)
QmaX
Series
Converter
TM
Vout (+)
100
Rw
ON/OFF (Pin 2)
Vin
(Top View)
ON/OFF
SENSE (+)
TRIM
SENSE (-)
10
Rload
The ON/OFF pin is used to turn the power converter on or
off remotely via a system signal. There are two remote con-
trol options available, positive logic and negative logic and
both are referenced to Vin(-). Typical connections are shown
in Fig. A.
Vin (+)
Vin (-)
Vout (-)
Rw
Fig. B:
Remote sense circuit configuration.
QmaX
Series
Converter
(Top View)
TM
Vout (+)
SENSE (+)
TRIM
SENSE (-)
Rload
Vin
ON/OFF
Vin (-)
CONTROL
INPUT
Vout (-)
If remote sensing is not required, the SENSE(-) pin must be
connected to the Vout(-) pin (Pin 4), and the SENSE(+) pin
must be connected to the Vout(+) pin (Pin 8) to ensure the
converter will regulate at the specified output voltage. If
these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an
output voltage that is slightly higher than the specified value.
Because the sense leads carry minimal current, large traces
on the end-user board are not required. However, sense
traces should be located close to a ground plane to minimize
system noise and insure optimum performance. When wiring
discretely, twisted pair wires should be used to connect the
sense lines to the load to reduce susceptibility to noise.
The converter’s output over-voltage protection (OVP) senses
the voltage across Vout(+) and Vout(-), and not across the
sense lines, so the resistance (and resulting voltage drop)
between the output pins of the converter and the load should
be minimized to prevent unwanted triggering of the OVP.
When utilizing the remote sense feature, care must be taken
not to exceed the maximum allowable output power capabil-
ity of the converter, equal to the product of the nominal out-
put voltage and the allowable output current for the given
conditions.
Page 3 of 37
Fig. A:
Circuit configuration for ON/OFF function.
The positive logic version turns on when the ON/OFF pin is
at logic high and turns off when at logic low. The converter is
on when the ON/OFF pin is left open
.
The negative logic version turns on when the pin is at logic
low and turns off when the pin is at logic high. The ON/OFF
pin can be hard wired directly to Vin(-) to enable automatic
power up of the converter without the need of an external
control signal.
ON/OFF pin is internally pulled-up to 5 V through a resistor.
A mechanical switch, open collector transistor, or FET can
be used to drive the input of the ON/OFF pin. The device
must be capable of sinking up to 0.2 mA at a low level volt-
QM48T45 Family DS Ver 3 03-27-03
USA Toll Free 866 WOW-didt
QM48 Series - 45A
When using remote sense, the output voltage at the con-
verter can be increased by as much as 10% above the
nominal rating in order to maintain the required voltage
across the load. Therefore, the designer must, if necessary,
decrease the maximum current (originally obtained from the
derating curves) by the same percentage to ensure the con-
verter’s actual output power remains at or below the maxi-
mum allowable output power.
Vin (+)
Data Sheet
QmaX
Series
Converter
TM
Vout (+)
SENSE (+)
R
T-INCR
(Top View)
Vin
ON/OFF
TRIM
SENSE (-)
Rload
Vin (-)
Vout (-)
Output Voltage Adjust /TRIM (Pin 6)
The output voltage can be adjusted up 10% or down 20% for
Vout
≥
1.5 V, and
±10%
for Vout = 1.2 V and 1.0 V relative
to the rated output voltage by the addition of an externally
connected resistor. For 3.3 V output voltage, trim up to 10%
is guaranteed only at Vin
≥
40 V, and it is marginal (8% to
10%) at Vin = 36 V.
The TRIM pin should be left open if trimming is not being
used. To minimize noise pickup, a 0.1 µF capacitor is con-
nected internally between the TRIM and SENSE(-) pins.
To increase the output voltage, refer to Fig. C. A trim resis-
tor, R
T-INCR
, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6)
and SENSE(+) (Pin 7), with a value of:
5.11(100
+
∆)V
O
−
NOM
−
626
−
10.22
[kΩ] (3.3 -1.5V)
1.225∆
84.6
−
7.2
[kΩ]
∆
Fig. C:
Configuration for increasing output voltage.
To decrease the output voltage (Fig. D), a trim resistor,
R
T-DECR
, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and
SENSE(-) (Pin 5), with a value of:
R
T
−
DECR
=
R
T
−
DECR
=
R
T
−
DECR
=
511
−
10.22
[kΩ] (3.3 - 1.5 V)
|
∆
|
700
−
15
[kΩ] (1.2 V)
|
∆
|
700
−
17
[kΩ] (1.0 V)
|
∆
|
where,
R
T
−DECR
=
Required value of trim-down resistor [kΩ]
and
∆
is as defined above.
R
T
−
INCR
=
R
T
−
INCR
=
R
T
−
INCR
(1.2 V)
Note: The above equations for calculation of trim resistor
values match those typically used in conventional industry-
standard quarter bricks (except for 1.2V and 1.0 V outputs).
Converters with output voltages 1.2 V and 1.0 V are avail-
able with alternative trim feature to provide the customers
with the flexibility of second sourcing. For these converters,
the last character in the part number is “T”. The trim equa-
tions of “T” version of converters and more information can
be found in Application Note 103.
120
=
−
9
[kΩ] (1.0 V)
∆
where,
R
T
−INCR
=
Required value of trim-up resistor kΩ]
V
O
−NOM
=
Nominal value of output voltage [V]
(V
O-REQ
−
V
O -NOM
)
∆
=
X 100
[%]
V
O -NOM
Vin
Vin (+)
QmaX
Series
Converter
TM
Vout (+)
SENSE (+)
TRIM
R
T-DECR
Rload
(Top View)
ON/OFF
V
O
−REQ
=
Desired (trimmed) output voltage [V].
Vin (-)
SENSE (-)
Vout (-)
When trimming up, care must be taken not to exceed the
converter‘s maximum allowable output power. See previous
section for a complete discussion of this requirement.
Fig. D:
Configuration for decreasing output voltage.
QM48T45 Family DS Ver 3 03-27-03
USA Toll Free 866 WOW-didt
Page 4 of 37
QM48 Series - 45A
Trimming/sensing beyond 110% of the rated output voltage
is not an acceptable design practice, as this condition could
cause unwanted triggering of the output over-voltage protec-
tion (OVP) circuit. The designer should ensure that the dif-
ference between the voltages across the converter’s output
pins and its sense pins does not exceed 10%
of V
OUT
(
NOM
)
,
or:
[V
OUT
(
+
)
−
V
OUT
(
−
)]
−
[V
SENSE
(
+
)
−
V
SENSE
(
−
)]
≤
V
O - NOM X
10%
[V]
Data Sheet
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The converter will shut down under an over-temperature
condition to protect itself from overheating caused by opera-
tion outside the thermal derating curves, or operation in ab-
normal conditions such as system fan failure. After the con-
verter has cooled to a safe operating temperature, it will
automatically restart.
This equation is applicable for any condition of output sens-
ing and/or output trim.
Safety Requirements
The converters meet North American and International
safety regulatory requirements per UL60950 and EN60950
(pending). Basic Insulation is provided between input and
output.
To comply with safety agencies requirements, an input line
fuse must be used external to the converter. The Table be-
low provides the recommended fuse rating for use with this
family of products.
Output Voltage
Fuse Rating
Protection Features
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Input under-voltage lockout is standard with this converter.
The converter will shut down when the input voltage drops
below a pre-determined voltage.
The input voltage must be at least 35 V for the converter to
turn on. Once the converter has been turned on, it will shut
off when the input voltage drops below 31 V. This feature is
beneficial in preventing deep discharging of batteries used in
telecom applications.
3.3 V
2.5 V
2.0 -1.5 V
1.2 - 1.0 V
10-A
7-A
5-A
3-A
Output Over-Current Protection (OCP)
The converter is protected against over-current or short cir-
cuit conditions. Upon sensing an over-current condition, the
converter will switch to constant current operation and
thereby begin to reduce output voltage. When the output
voltage drops below 60% of the nominal value of output volt-
age, the converter will shut down.
Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart
nominally every 100 ms with a typical 1-2% duty cycle. The
attempted restart will continue indefinitely until the overload
or short circuit conditions are removed or the output voltage
rises above 60% of its nominal value.
Modules are UL approved for maximum fuse rating of 15-A.
To protect a group of modules with a single fuse, the rating
can be increased from the recommended values above.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
EMC requirements must be met at the end-product system
level, as no specific standards dedicated to EMC character-
istics of board mounted component dc-dc converters exist.
However, di/dt tests its converters to several system level
standards, primary of which is the more stringent EN55022,
Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance char-
acteristics - Limits and methods of measurement.
Effective internal LC differential filter significantly reduces
input reflected ripple current, and improves EMC.
With the addition of a simple external filter, all versions of the
QmaX™ Series
of converters pass the requirements of
Class B conducted emissions per EN55022 and FCC, and
meet at a minimum, Class A radiated emissions per EN
55022 and Class B per FCC Title 47CFR, Part 15-J. Please
contact di/dt Applications Engineering for details of this test-
ing.
Output Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)
The converter will shut down if the output voltage across
Vout(+) (Pin 8) and Vout(-) (Pin 4) exceeds the threshold of
the OVP circuitry. The OVP circuitry contains its own refer-
ence, independent of the output voltage regulation loop.
Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart
every 100 ms until the OVP condition is removed.
QM48T45 Family DS Ver 3 03-27-03
USA Toll Free 866 WOW-didt
Page 5 of 37
京公网安备 11010802033920号
EEWORLD
