What components and functions does the battery management system consist of?

The battery management system refers to a system used to manage the battery, that is, to manage the charge and discharge of the battery to keep the battery in an optimal state. It consists of multiple components, including battery manager, battery monitor, battery protector, battery equalizer, and battery charger. Below we will introduce these components one by one.

1.Battery Manager

The battery manager is the core part of the battery management system. It is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging process of the battery and monitoring the status of the battery. The battery manager usually consists of a microcontroller and some sensors. It can control the charging and discharging process of the battery according to the battery's power, temperature, voltage and other parameters to ensure the safety and life of the battery.

2.Battery monitor

A battery monitor is a device used to monitor battery status. It can monitor battery power, temperature, voltage and other parameters in real time, and transmit these data to the battery manager. A battery monitor usually consists of some sensors and a data collector, which can help the battery manager control the battery charge and discharge process more accurately.

3.Battery protector

The battery protector is a device used to protect the battery. It can automatically cut off the circuit when an abnormality occurs in the battery to avoid battery overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, etc. The battery protector usually consists of a protection chip and some fuses, which can effectively protect the safety and life of the battery.

4. Battery equalizer

A battery equalizer is a device used to balance battery power. It can distribute power to each battery cell when the battery is charging to ensure that each battery cell has equal power. A battery equalizer usually consists of a balancing chip and some resistors, which can help the battery manager better control the battery charging process.

5.Battery charger

A battery charger is a device used to charge batteries. It can select the appropriate charging method according to the type and capacity of the battery to ensure battery charging efficiency and safety. A battery charger usually consists of a charging chip and some circuits, which can help the battery manager better control the battery charging process.

Battery Management System Functions

For the functions of BMS, we describe it through the following three aspects:

First layer system level architecture

The boss in the battery system, the junior in the vehicle system, the vehicle control, you can do whatever you are told.

Layer 2 functional level architecture

Analyzing the details, I don’t have to listen to all the modules in the vehicle control unit. Sometimes I have to ask them to give me some information input.

The third layer BMS internal implementation functional architecture

There are also many gangs within the BMS system, each responsible for their own functions, so that the battery system can operate normally.

In layman's terms, the functions of the battery management system are as follows:

Real-time monitoring of battery status: including battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameters, and calculating the battery's available capacity based on these data.

Optimize battery life: Control and balance charge and discharge of batteries to extend battery life.

Reduce the occurrence of malfunctions and safety accidents: Monitor battery status in a timely manner to prevent overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit and other abnormal conditions, thereby avoiding battery damage or dangerous accidents.