Working principle of wind turbine

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Working principle of wind turbine [Copy link]

Wind energy is usually referred to as the kinetic energy of air flow. Wind power generation is to convert the kinetic energy of air flow into electrical energy. Strong winds contain a lot of energy. The force exerted by a level 5 wind with a wind speed of 9-10m/S on the surface of an object is about 10kg per square meter, and the force exerted by a level 9 wind with a wind speed of 20m/S on the surface of an object is about 50kg per square meter. The force exerted by a typhoon with a wind speed of 50-60m/S can reach 200kg. The energy contained in the wind is much higher than the energy that humans have been able to control so far. Wind power is one of the important energy sources on the earth.
A wind turbine generator set mainly includes a rotor (rotating blades, etc.), a speed-up device, a generator, a control device, a speed control system, and a supporting iron tower. When a wind power generator is used as a stable power source for regular power supply, an energy storage device (such as a battery) must also be installed. The rotating blades on the rotor are affected by the wind force and convert the wind force into a rotating mechanical force, which drives the generator to generate electricity through the speed-up device. The rotor is usually vertical, with 2 to 3 blades, the direction of the blades is perpendicular to the wind direction, and the speed is only 40 to 50 r/min, while the speed of the generator is higher (for example, 1500 r/min).

min, 50Hz generator), must be equipped with a speed-raising device (gear, chain and belt, etc.). The control device includes a directional device (to adjust the rotor to the wind direction), a start and stop device, a wind adjustment device (to adjust the blade angle to adjust the wind force received) and a protection device (to shut down at excessively high wind speeds and generator protection, etc.). The speed regulating device is used to maintain the generator's constant speed rotation. The supporting iron tower is used to support and raise the rotor position so that the rotating blades can withstand a larger wind speed (because the wind speed increases with height).
Because wind energy is random, and the power load has its own rules, in order to ensure reliable power supply, large-scale wind power is to build a wind power plant formed by multiple large wind turbines and run in parallel with the power grid; in remote areas where the power grid cannot reach, wind turbines and diesel generators are used in combination, which can save fuel and ensure continuous power supply.
China has relatively rich wind energy resources and is one of the major countries in wind energy utilization. Wind-powered water lifting and sailing transportation have had a glorious history. Modern wind power generation started relatively late in my country, and in the past few years, it was mainly the construction of small wind turbines (below 10kW). 50-200W micro wind turbines have been finalized and put into mass production, with an annual production capacity of more than 10,000 units; medium and small wind turbines with a capacity of 1-20kW have reached the stage of small-scale production. Currently, large and medium-sized wind turbines with a capacity of 50-200kW are being developed. According to statistics at the end of 1992, about 120,000 micro wind turbines have been promoted and used, with a total installed capacity of about 16.8MW. Under the conditions of international cooperation and the introduction of foreign units, 14 wind power test sites have been established in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and other regions, and many large and medium-sized wind turbines have been installed. The installed capacity of Xinjiang Dabancheng Wind Farm alone has exceeded 10MW, and its economic benefits are becoming more and more obvious.