Erp and automatic identification technology[Copy link]
In recent years, many enterprises in China have begun to try to change from MRPⅡ to ERP. Famous enterprises such as Haier and Lenovo have benefited from this. However, due to the uneven management level of Chinese enterprises, the road to implementing ERP in Chinese enterprises is not smooth.
At present, some enterprises in China that have implemented ERP feel that its application effect is not ideal. I think this is caused by two main problems: one is that the modern management awareness of enterprises is poor; the other is that the level of enterprise informatization is low and there is a general lack of informatization facilities, slow information transmission speed, excessive basic data input, slow manual operation speed, and easy to make mistakes. Poor modern management awareness is a problem that all enterprises have always focused on solving. It belongs to the "software problem" of the enterprise and requires systematic training of management personnel. The low level of informatization and backward informatization equipment and facilities belong to the "hardware problem" of the enterprise, which requires capital investment and the updating and transformation of technical equipment. For example, the implementation of ERP requires the collection and analysis of a large amount of basic data, which cannot be achieved by traditional manual entry and transmission operations. The application of automatic recognition technology fundamentally overcomes this problem. The automatic identification system collects and processes various tag data, which not only greatly improves the operation speed, but also effectively avoids data errors caused by repeated entry and operation errors due to large data volume and complex hierarchical structure. At the same time, it greatly improves the efficiency of logistics activities, ensures the accuracy of information collection, and provides accurate information guarantee for the ERP decision-making system.
In the actual business process, the error rate of manual data entry is quite alarming. According to data provided by a famous ERP software factory, the error rate of pharmaceutical companies in manual document entry reaches 5% to 10%. The application of automatic identification technology can greatly reduce this error. Improving the data processing speed actually enhances the use value of the ERP system. The automation of enterprise data collection is far more than simply using data collection equipment. Its complexity can even be regarded as a business process reconstruction. If the advantages of data collection automation can be maximized, the business changes it brings are quite huge. This is not to say that automatic identification technology itself is magical. Its effectiveness lies in that it is a catalyst for enterprise information systems and can promote the efficient and smooth flow of information flow. Automatic identification technology itself does not directly create value, it requires the cooperation of other technologies. These technologies cover management information systems, network technology, computer technology, practical software, operating systems and other aspects. The popularization of computer management technology and the dependence of enterprises on data collection technology have promoted the development of automatic identification technology, and wireless identification technology has emerged.
Wireless data collection system
A wireless data collection system function should include the following parts: barcode labels, radio frequency reading labels, wireless reading equipment, network, information processing and storage system.
The information management of an enterprise is a management information system that uses automatic identification technology to track data throughout the entire process of the enterprise's business process. It fully meets the information management needs of enterprises in material preparation, production and manufacturing, warehousing and transportation, marketing, after-sales service, quality control and other aspects. Taking the actual business operation of the warehouse as an example, each delivery task must review the delivery documents to confirm that the received goods are consistent with the planned quantity. Under the traditional warehousing method, this review can only be manually entered, checked and tabulated by business personnel and warehouse management personnel in the presence of business personnel and warehouse management personnel. No matter how strong the processing ability of the business personnel is, they must verify, confirm and change the system data one by one on the computer. This operation has become a bottleneck in the warehousing business process. By adopting wireless data collection and network technology, more than 95% of manual operations can be completed through the wireless identification system, and the system data can be input, queried and updated on-site, in real time, quickly and accurately to the maximum extent. At the same time, the efficient client/server method is used to conduct data review locally, making the system respond quickly and quickly. Computer data can also automatically arrange the receipt, pickup, shipment, shipping plan and human resource plan. The wireless data terminal transmits data with the server in real time. The data is sent from the wireless data terminal, reaches the mainframe of the storage center through the wireless network, and then enters the server of the logistics center through the Internet or a dedicated network. The server returns the instruction data to the wireless terminal through the original path. All data is transmitted using the TCP/IP communication protocol. It can be seen that all the data obtained by the operator on the data terminal enters the background database at the first time, that is, the wireless data terminal extends the database information system to every operator. Because of the complete data interface, unnecessary repeated data input and the errors caused by it are avoided, and the work efficiency is greatly improved. After using wireless network technology, any operator equipped with a wireless handheld terminal can directly send a request to the mainframe of the business center on the handheld terminal to verify the legitimacy of the delivery document.
The use of wireless data collection and network technology is not only for the management of receiving operations, but also for other management links of the warehouse. Each inventory unit (such as pallets and goods) in the logistics storage center is affixed with a wireless reading tag. The server system antenna is placed in the warehouse with an installation interval of 10 to 50 meters. The server system antenna sends out a control signal at regular intervals, and the tag attached to the cargo unit is activated according to the instructions of the system antenna, driving the radio frequency identification tag to send a signal containing cargo information through the antenna in the tag at a specified time interval. The system antenna or the handheld wireless terminal in the operator's hand can receive these signals and identify the location, type and quantity of the cargo within a few meters. The terminal transmits the commodity tag information wirelessly to the mainframe of the logistics center through the wireless network and the Internet in real time, and automatically enters the central database. The logistics center manager can grasp all inventory conditions at any time.
Since the 1970s, containers used for international freight have been identified by letter and number signs determined in the international standard ISO 6346. This identification code consists of four letters, namely the cargo owner code, a six-digit serial number, and a detection digit. It is printed at a fixed position on the container body, such as: abzu 001...234...3...
There are nearly 10 million containers in the world that are identified according to this standard. Therefore, all containers have their own unique identification number. However, it is very easy to make mistakes when manually recording and entering the container logo into the logistics center server. Up to 30% of the identification codes have been entered incorrectly once. If the container identification number is made into an RFID tag and the RFID tag data of the container is automatically read by an RFID data collector, it can help solve this problem. The data read from the container is synchronously transmitted to the system host through wireless transmission. According to the ISO10374 standard, the following information can be stored in the container data tag: (1) cargo owner code, serial number and detection digit; (2) container length, height and width; (3) container type; (4) gross weight and empty container weight. Using RFID data collection can greatly reduce the operator's labor intensity and cut corporate office costs while eliminating errors and improving efficiency.
The following uses an automated warehouse as an example to introduce the operation process of the radio frequency reading system for the whole process of monitoring goods.
1. The shipper transmits the information of the goods to be sent to the logistics center. The shipper uses the electronic data interchange system (EDI) to transmit all the information of the goods to be sent, such as container mark, type of goods, batch number, quantity, specification, consignee address, shipping time, etc. to the logistics center. After the information is processed, it is entered into the system host database and becomes the verification data for the future entry of goods. At the same time, the computer system automatically arranges the storage space and the goods outbound schedule.
2. Goods are put into the warehouse. After the goods arrive at the warehouse, the operator uses a handheld wireless radio frequency terminal to scan the container mark and send the owner information to the system host. The computer automatically retrieves the goods information in the container according to the instructions and transmits it back to the operator. Since there is a secondary reading label on the goods in the container, the operator scans the secondary reading label and verifies it with the goods information. After confirmation, the goods are placed in the reserved storage space. The operator sends all operation information back to the system host, which automatically generates a warehouse entry form and accounts receivable voucher, and removes the portion of the storage space occupied by the goods from the system.
3. In-warehouse management. After the goods are put into the warehouse, the changes in the quantity and location of the goods can be monitored at any time by the wireless radio frequency terminal. If the customer notifies the logistics center by EDI that some goods need to be shipped out in advance, the computer system will automatically schedule the vehicle, freeze the relevant goods information and issue instructions (delivery order) to the operator. The operator performs the delivery operation according to the "goods number" of the goods to be shipped given by the computer. After the operation is completed, the system automatically sends the delivery order back to the system host database, and the database is dynamically updated, deducting the quantity shipped to form a new inventory record.
4. Goods are shipped out. According to the customer's specified time, the logistics system automatically arranges the transportation equipment and provides the receiving enterprise with a shipping notice through EDI. After the payment generated by the shipment is received, the delivery instruction (delivery order) is sent to the operator, and the operator performs the delivery operation according to the "goods number". After the goods are shipped out, the system computer automatically backs up all the storage information of the goods shipped out and clears it from the database. The data flow in the delivery operation is shown in the figure below.
If the transportation of goods is completed by the logistics center's own fleet, the automatic tracking technology can be used to monitor the goods throughout the process. The driver uses a handheld delivery information reader (dian) with wireless transmission function and a global satellite positioning system (gps) to transmit the goods in transit information back to the center's computer system in real time. Customers can log on to the company's website or call the call center at any time to inquire about the delivery status of the goods until the goods arrive in the hands of the customer.
It can be said that the radio frequency identification system completes the entire process of warehousing operations, including the receipt, placement, picking, transfer, inventory, outbound, transportation, and storage and transportation equipment and personnel location control. Practice has shown that radio frequency identification technology has obvious advancedness and practicality, such as: (1) improving the timeliness of logistics response; (2) improving the operating efficiency of the logistics center; (3) the interactive information mode enables the integration of operation instructions, confirmation and error correction; (4) reducing document processing work and realizing paperless office; (5) improving the accuracy of inventory data.
The advancement and practicality of automatic identification technology are highly valued by countries around the world. Some large commercial, logistics, manufacturing and software companies have turned their attention to automatic identification technology, and its development prospects are very broad. The key to the application of wireless data collection and network technology by
logistics
companies for warehousing and transportation management is: the radio frequency identification technology and the enterprise resource management system erp are seamlessly connected. It has become an important indicator for evaluating its function and an important basis for enterprises to implement supply chain management or integrated logistics management. If the erp system cannot effectively generate the data transmitted by the wireless data collector, a large amount of cumbersome basic data will not be able to be input into the erp system at a high speed and accurately, and it will be difficult for logistics companies to effectively implement rapid response.
Haier Group, a well-known multinational home appliance company in China, has taken a successful step in this regard. With the joint efforts of professional logistics design companies, RFID suppliers and German SAP, RFID has successfully implemented seamless connection with the SAP R/3 erp system for the management of three-dimensional warehouses for parts. The in-and-out information of all parts can be transmitted to the computer management system of Haier Logistics by the labels on the cargo pallets and the wireless information collectors on the handling equipment, laying a solid foundation for the automation and intelligence of Haier Logistics Management. The process is shown in the figure on the left.
Automatic identification technology is the technical basis of supply chain management and an important technical means to modernize logistics management and improve enterprise management level and competitiveness. Its development prospects cannot be underestimated.
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