Crystal resonator structure

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Crystal resonator structure

First of all, the crystal in the crystal resonator refers to quartz crystal, and its chemical formula is silicon dioxide SiO2.

The characteristics of quartz are: small thermal expansion coefficient, high Q value, insulation, etc.

Quartz can be made into a crystal resonator, mainly by utilizing the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect is divided into the direct piezoelectric effect and the inverse piezoelectric effect. The following is the definition of it from Baidu Encyclopedia:

The meaning corresponds to the following picture: ↓

The schematic diagram of the crystal structure is as follows:↓

The left side of the picture above is a schematic diagram of the crystal structure, and the right side is the symbol of our common crystal oscillator.

Based on the previous understanding of the piezoelectric effect, crystals can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then mechanical energy into electrical energy. If an alternating current is passed through the crystal, the contraction and expansion represent mechanical vibrations.

After the physical size and structure of mechanical vibration are fixed, it has an inherent vibration frequency. When the frequency of the external signal is equal to the inherent vibration frequency, resonance will occur and resonance will occur.

The frequency of the crystal oscillator is the natural oscillation frequency. Passive crystals are also called "crystal resonators", and the "resonance" here means this.