600 Questions on Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems

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600 Questions on Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems [Copy link]

 

This topic mainly focuses on the basic knowledge of single-chip microcomputers and embedded systems, system hardware, system software, bus and serial interface, wireless communication, various types of single-chip microcomputers and embedded systems and special single-chip microcomputers, development and application of single-chip microcomputers and embedded systems, etc.

Part I Basic Knowledge of MCU and Embedded System
1. What is Harvard structure? What are the characteristics of Harvard structure?
2. What is Enhanced Harvard structure?
3. What is Von Neumann structure? What are the characteristics of Von Neumann structure?
4. What is Von Neumann bottleneck?
5. What is program register?
6. What is MCU mask?
7. What are the two types of I/O addressing of MCU?
8. What is memory address?
9. What is storage unit?
10. What is hexadecimal?
11. What is memory?
12. What is data bus?
13. What is address bus?
14. What are the main technical indicators of bus?
15. What is direct addressing?
16. What is immediate addressing?
17. What is indirect addressing?
18. What are the types of memory in MCU and embedded system?
19. What are the common removable memory?
20. What is complex instruction set computer?
21. What is reduced instruction set computer?
22. What is general register?
23. What is a data register?
24. What is an index register?
25. What is a pointer register?
26. What is a segment register?
27. What is an instruction pointer register?
28. What is real mode addressing? What is protected mode addressing? What is virtual mode addressing?
29. What is a program counter?
30. How are the PSW flags defined?
31. What is the content of the program status register in ARM?
32. What is the meaning of each PSW flag?
33. How to choose the type of memory?
34. What are the types of RAM?
35. What is a machine cycle?
36. What is an instruction cycle?
37. What is a bus cycle?
38. What is a machine cycle?
39. What is the relationship between bus cycles, instruction cycles, machine cycles, and clock cycles
? 40. What is an operand?
41. What is an instruction word?
42. What is memory bandwidth?
43. What is data transfer rate?
44. What is an access cycle?
45. What is a storage unit?
46. What is an interrupt system?
47. What is an interrupt source? How does a microcontroller handle different interrupt sources?
48. What is an interrupt level?
49. What is an interrupt mask?
50. What operations does the interrupt system perform?
51. What is a program status word?
52. What is a vector interrupt?
53. What is the difference between a microcontroller and an embedded system?
54. What are the two major branches of modern computer technology?
55. Why is the development of the two major branches a milestone in modern computer technology?
56. What is the definition of an embedded system?
57. What are the characteristics of an embedded system?
58. What are the types and developments of embedded systems?
59. Why is it said that microcontrollers have pioneered an independent development path for embedded systems?
60. What is the history of the technological development of microcontrollers?
61. What are the two application modes of embedded systems?
62. What are the brands of common microcontrollers? What are their characteristics?
63. What are the characteristics of a Harvard-structured microcontroller ? 64.
What are the similarities and differences between EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory?
65. In which spaces does the memory of a standard 8051 fall? How to distinguish the addressing of different spaces?
66. The external program memory and external data memory addresses of the 8031 microcontroller are both 0000H~FFFFH. Is there any address overlap in actual use? How to distinguish?
67. How does 8051 determine and change the current working register group?
68. Why can't the ground of analog signals and digital signals be connected together?
69. What are the interrupt entry address and reset entry address of the standard 8051 microcontroller?
70. How does the 51 microcontroller port drive the relay?
71. Can the P1 port of the MCS-51 microcontroller switch between input/output states (in the same control program)?
72. Can the interrupt program of the MCS-51 be placed in any area of the 64K program memory? How to achieve it?
73. Are the MCS-51 series and 80C51 series microcontrollers the same?
74. What are the differences between MPU and DSP?
75. What are the differences between NAND memory and NOR memory?
76. What are the characteristics of the function and structure of RAM? What are the commonly used RAMs? Why does dynamic RAM need to be refreshed?
77. What are the characteristics and types of ROM?
78. What is the difference between the circuit structure of semiconductor memory and register? What is the reason?
79. What are the classifications and characteristics of semiconductor memory?
80. The similarities and differences between single-chip microcomputers and microcomputers.
81. What are the main parts of the standard peripheral units in single-chip microcomputers?
82. Why do new single-chip microcomputers use low-frequency clocks?
83. Why do single-chip microcomputers need to be reset? What are the ways to reset?
84. What does the "C" in the single-chip microcomputer model mean? 85.
Can the ports of the 8051 single-chip microcomputer, such as P1, P2, and P3, be used directly as input?
86. The working principle of dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
87. What are registers and shift registers?
88. What is the structure of the programmable memory EPROM and the principle of its reprogramming?
89. What are the advantages and disadvantages of static RAM and dynamic RAM?
90. What are the new developments in serial buses?
91. How to implement the simplest logical "AND" circuit?
92. What is a logic encryption card?
93. Which type of UART is currently used on ordinary computers? What is its speed?
94. How are embedded microcontrollers classified?
95. What are the components of an embedded computer system?
96. What are the oscillation period, beat, and machine cycle of a standard 8051 microcontroller?
97. What is the DMA transfer method? 98. What is
the difference between AT89C52 and AT89C51?
99. What is PWM? Compare the PWM output of a microcontroller and the PWM output of an integrated circuit?
100. What is a Boolean variable?
101. What is a Boolean processor? What functions and features does it have in a 51 microcontroller?
102. What is an ATX power supply in an operating system?
103. What is a stack? How many bytes does the 8051 microcontroller stack have?
104. What is an embedded computer system?
105. What is the data pointer DPTR of an 8051 microcontroller? What is its function?
106. What is system integration?
107. What is a hard disk cache? What is its function?
108. We usually talk about 8051, then 8031, and now there are 89C51 and 89C52. What is the relationship between them?
109. What are the micro-operations in response to interrupts?
110. What factors should be considered when selecting storage devices?
111. Most micro-MCUs use the von Neumann structure. What is its principle?
112. What is the difference between registers and memories in a single-chip microcomputer? 113. What are the similarities and
differences in the structure of the four I/O ports P0 to P3 of the 51 single-chip microcomputer? What should be paid attention to when using them?
114. How many units with special functions are there in the program memory of the 51 series single-chip microcomputer? What are their uses?
115. After power-on reset, which group of working registers does the CPU use? What are their addresses? How does the CPU determine and change the current working register group?
116. What are the machine cycle, clock cycle and instruction cycle of the 51 single-chip microcomputer?
117. What is the function of the program status register PSW of the 8051?
118. What effect does each reset have on registers and RAM?
119. When entering power saving mode, how should I/O status be set to minimize power consumption?
120. Why does a microcontroller need to be reset? What are the ways to reset?
121. What is the operation timing of the external program memory of a standard 51 microcontroller?
122. What is the principle of the timer/counter of a standard 51 microcontroller?
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