Liquid Cooling Supercharging Industry Overview
Liquid-cooled supercharging technology is a cutting-edge charging solution, known for its high energy density and instantaneous charging characteristics. It can significantly shorten the charging time and improve the energy conversion efficiency during the charging process.
The advantages of liquid cooling super charging are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
①Large current output: Liquid cooling charging technology can provide larger current, thereby speeding up charging.
②Fast charging: Due to the heat dissipation effect of liquid cooling, it can support high-power charging, thereby shortening the charging time.
③Lightweight design: Liquid-cooled charging equipment can adopt a lighter design due to its efficient heat dissipation performance, which is convenient for users to use.
Liquid Cooling Supercharge Working Principle:
Source: Charging and Swapping Research Institute
At present, many charging piles still use air-cooled charging piles with liquid-cooled gun bodies to achieve "semi-liquid-cooled super charging".
This mode generates high heat at high power, and air cooling cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of the pile. At the same time, it has disadvantages such as high switching loss, easy damage, limited life and high noise, making it difficult to guarantee its reliability.
In contrast, liquid-cooled supercharging has advantages such as high reliability and low noise.
The core is liquid cooling technology, which can quickly remove the heat generated by the battery, keep the battery temperature stable and avoid overheating. This can not only increase the charging speed of the battery, but also extend the service life of the battery.
Compared with traditional solutions, the full liquid cooling design improves the reliability of the equipment, increases the utility rate of mains electricity by 30%, and extends the service life to more than 15 years.
The fully liquid-cooled supercharging terminal has a maximum output power of 600kW and a maximum current of 600A; the single-charge success rate is as high as 99%, and it can match all vehicle models in the 200-1000V charging range.
Huawei leads the domestic liquid cooling super charging market
In terms of charging pile infrastructure, Huawei currently leads the industry, with supercharging stations deployed and continuous technology upgrades.
Starting from 2023, my country's liquid-cooled supercharging demonstration stations will be gradually put into operation.
In April 2023, Huawei launched a charging network solution with a "new generation of all-liquid-cooled supercharging architecture". In October, all-liquid-cooled supercharging stations built with the help of Huawei Digital Energy were officially launched in many places along the Sichuan-Tibet South Line and Litang and Yading Highways (Sichuan Section).
Huawei's fully liquid-cooled supercharging station:
Huawei's full liquid-cooled supercharging means that both the charging host and the supercharging terminal use liquid cooling technology. The power of its liquid-cooled supercharging host reaches 100%, and through "power pooling and flexible power intelligent allocation technology", it supports flexible configuration of supercharging and fast charging, and the maximum power of a single gun can achieve the ultimate charging experience of "one kilometer per second".
The integrated liquid-cooled supercharging station has the advantages of peak load shaving, dynamic capacity expansion, load management, and joint control of photovoltaic storage and charging, and may become the future development direction.
Huawei's full liquid-cooled supercharging architecture:
Source: Huawei Digital Energy
Liquid cooling super charging industry chain core link
The upstream raw material suppliers of the liquid-cooled supercharging industry chain are the foundation of the industry chain, providing the key raw materials required for liquid-cooled supercharging technology, such as coolant, pipes, connectors, etc.
Equipment manufacturers are one of the core links in the industrial chain, and are mainly responsible for the production and manufacturing of liquid-cooled supercharging equipment, including charging piles, liquid cooling pipes, cooling equipment, etc.
According to data from the China Charging Alliance, the concentration of the operating industry has gradually stabilized. As of June 2023, the industry CR3 was 54.1%. Operators such as Teladian, Star Charging, Yunkuai Charging, State Grid, and Xiaoju Charging ranked high in the market share of charging pile operations. The leading companies Teladian and Star Charging have a market share of around 20%, and their position remains stable.
Liquid-cooled charging gun
The high-power liquid-cooled charging gun adopts an innovative design that sets up liquid cooling pipes in the charging cable.
The coolant flow driven by the electronic pump can effectively remove the heat generated by the cable, thereby achieving a larger charging current and lower temperature rise. At the same time, the cable core has a smaller cross-sectional area, which also helps to improve charging efficiency.
The water pump drives the coolant to circulate in the gun line, transferring the heat to the radiator, and the fan blows away the heat to ensure that the system temperature is maintained within the ideal range. This design enables the liquid-cooled charging gun to achieve a higher current carrying capacity than conventional naturally cooled charging guns.
Liquid-cooled DC charging gun diagram:
Liquid cooling charging cable
The penetration rate of new energy vehicles is affected by charging efficiency. High-power charging equipment can increase the charging current, but this also causes the heat of the contact terminals and cables to increase rapidly, thereby damaging electronic components.
Although heat generation can be reduced by increasing the cross-sectional area of the cable core, doing so will also cause problems such as excessive cable weight.
Traditional 250A national standard charging guns usually use 80mm2 cables, which makes the overall weight of the charging gun heavier and difficult to bend. In contrast, liquid-cooled charging guns have cables and water pipes inside and use smaller wire cores. For example, 500A liquid-cooled charging guns usually use 35mm2 cables, which are 30%~40% lighter than conventional charging guns.
This design reduces heat and improves charging efficiency, while also reducing the weight of the charging gun, making it easier to use.
Liquid-cooled charging module
Since the charging voltage of the liquid cooling mode is higher, and if the charging module continues to use IGBT chips, the loss will be too high, it is more suitable to use SiC chips.
In addition to the improvement in efficiency, the liquid cooling module also has a higher level of protection, further enhancing the stability and durability of the product.
Heat dissipation principle of liquid-cooled charging module:
Source: Youyou Green Energy
Representative manufacturers in the upstream and downstream of the liquid-cooled supercharging industry chain include GCL-Poly Energy, Baoxin Technology, Lihexing, Jinguan Holdings, Shuangjie Electric, Feilong Holdings, Far East Holdings, Xinhongye, Wanma Holdings, Jinbei Electric, and Xuji Electric.
Source: Leqing Think Tank Selection
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