Innovation and development of power supply technology

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Innovation and development of power supply technology [Copy link]

1 Introduction

　　Human economic activities have entered the industrial economy era and are entering a period of rapid development of high-tech industries. The power supply is a power supply device located between the mains (single-phase or three-phase) and the load, providing high-quality electric energy to the load, and is the foundation of industry.

　　Power supply technology is a multidisciplinary cross-cutting technology that uses power semiconductor devices, integrates power conversion technology, modern electronic technology, and automatic control technology. With the development of science and technology, power supply technology is closely related to many fields such as modern control theory, material science, electrical engineering, and microelectronics technology. At present, power supply technology has gradually developed into a comprehensive technical discipline with multidisciplinary mutual penetration. It plays a key role in providing high-quality, high-efficiency, and high-reliability power supplies for modern communications, electronic instruments, computers, industrial automation, power engineering, national defense, and some high-tech technologies.

　　Many contemporary high-tech technologies are related to the transformation and control of basic parameters of the city power supply, such as voltage, current, frequency, phase and waveform. Power supply technology can achieve precise control and efficient processing of these parameters, especially the frequency conversion of high-power electric energy, thus providing strong support for the development of many high-tech technologies. Therefore, power supply technology is not only a high-tech itself, but also the basis for the development of many other high-tech technologies. The further development of power supply technology and its industry will surely provide an important means for significantly saving electric energy, reducing material consumption and improving production efficiency, and will have a profound impact on modern production and modern life.

　　Power supply has now become a very important basic technology and industry. From daily life to the most cutting-edge technology, it is inseparable from the participation and support of power supply technology. Power supply technology has also developed step by step in this environment.

2 Innovation of power supply technology

The transistor was invented at the end of 1947, and less than a decade later, the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR, now called thyristor) was invented based on the gradual maturity of the transistor, thus opening the prelude to the rapid development of power supply technology. Over the past half century, the development of power supply technology has continued to innovate.

2.1 High-frequency conversion is the mainstream of power technology development

　　The essence of power supply technology is power conversion, that is, using power conversion technology to convert primary power sources such as mains or batteries into secondary power sources suitable for various power users. Switching power supplies occupy an important position in power supply technology. From 20kHz to high-frequency switching power supplies with high stability, large capacity, small size, and switching frequency reaching megahertz, they provide a material basis for high-frequency conversion and promote the prosperity and development of modern power supply technology. The most direct benefit brought by high frequency is to reduce raw material consumption, miniaturize power supply devices, speed up the dynamic response of the system, further improve the efficiency of power supply devices, effectively suppress environmental noise pollution, and enable power supply to enter a wider field, especially the field of high-tech, further expanding its scope of application.

2.2 Guidance from new theories and technologies

Circuit topology theories such as resonant conversion, phase-shift resonance, zero-switching PWM, and zero-transition PWM; new technologies such as power factor correction, active clamping, parallel current sharing, synchronous rectification, high-frequency magnetic amplifier, high-speed programming, remote sensing and remote control, and microcomputer monitoring have guided the development of modern power supply technology.

2.3 Support of new devices and new materials

　　Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), power field effect transistor (MOSFET), intelligent IGBT power module (IPM), MOS gate-controlled thyristor (MCT), static induction transistor (SIT), ultrafast recovery diode, non-inductive capacitor, non-inductive resistor, new ferrite, amorphous and microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy, nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy and other components are equipped with modern power supply technology to promote product upgrading.

2.4 Intelligent Control

　　The control circuit, drive circuit and protection circuit adopt integrated components. The control circuit adopts full digitalization. The control means adopts software control mode composed of microprocessor and single chip microcomputer, which achieves a high degree of intelligence and further improves the reliability of power supply equipment.

2.5 Modularization and integration of power supply circuits

　　The characteristics of the development of power supply technology are modularization and integration of power supply circuits. Monolithic power supply and module power supply replace the whole machine power supply, and power integration technology simplifies the structure of power supply. It has been widely used in communications and electricity, and has derived a new power supply system - distributed power supply, making the centralized power supply system diversified.

2.6 Standard Specifications for Power Supply Equipment

　　For power supply equipment to enter the market, today's market has become an integrated market that transcends regions and integrates the world. It must comply with common standards such as energy, environment, electromagnetic compatibility, and trade agreements. Power supply equipment manufacturers must accept certification of various standards and specifications such as safety, EMC, environment, and quality systems.

3 Development of power supply technology

　　With the development of science and technology, the requirements for power supply technology are getting higher and higher, the specifications and varieties are increasing, the technical difficulty is increasing, and the academic fields involved are getting wider and wider. The objects of application of special power supply (or industrial power supply) are diverse, novel and complex, requiring special power supply equipment to not only ensure the perfection of internal performance, but also to give it a variety of specific external characteristics and external interface methods. This determines that special power supply technology must absorb the essence of many disciplines and integrate the scientific and technological achievements of all walks of life. Special power supply input is mostly AC mains, and the output is DC, AC or pulse form.

3.1 AC variable frequency speed regulator

AC variable frequency speed regulator power supply drives AC asynchronous motor to achieve stepless speed regulation, which has occupied an increasingly important position in electrical transmission and has achieved great energy-saving effects. It is used in industrial automation, flow control of fans and water pumps, program control of spinning machines and twisting machines, constant pressure water supply with multiple pumps in parallel, and variable frequency synchronous control of papermaking machinery. The maximum power is 500kW. Applying AC variable frequency speed regulation technology to air conditioners has the advantages of comfort and energy saving.

3.2 Electrolysis and electroplating power supply

　　The power supply for electrolysis and electroplating requires steady current and voltage. Electrolysis production consumes huge DC power, which is supplied by high-power rectifier equipment. It adopts thyristor steady current, on-load voltage regulation and saturated reactor steady current mode, with a maximum output capacity of 3-350V, 5-150kA. Pulse power supply is used for electrochemical process on metal surface, with output capacity of 0-100V, 10-4000A. The performance of inverter vacuum ion plating power supply directly affects the performance of plating.

3.3 High frequency inverter rectifier welding power supply

High-frequency inverter rectifier welding power supply is a new type of welding power supply with high performance, high efficiency and material saving, which represents the development direction of welding power supply today. Due to the harsh working conditions of welding power supply, it is frequently in the alternation of short circuit, arcing and open circuit, so the working reliability of high-frequency inverter rectifier welding power supply becomes a key issue. The rated welding current can reach 500A. The cutting current of multi-purpose plasma cutting welder is 20~90A, and the welding current is 5~320A.

3.4 Medium frequency induction heating power supply

　　Medium frequency induction heating power supply can be widely used in various industries such as metal smelting, surface annealing treatment and heat-through bending. So far, fast or high-frequency thyristors are still mainly used, with a frequency of 500-80000Hz and a power of 100-3000kW, which is a certain gap compared with foreign products.

3.5 Power supply for electrical operation

The power operation power supply is a DC power supply device for power plants, hydropower stations and various substations such as 500kV, 220kV, 110kV, 35kV, etc., including supplying power to various low-voltage electrical equipment such as circuit breaker opening and closing and secondary circuit instruments, relay protection, control, emergency lighting, etc. The maximum output voltage is 315V and the maximum output current is 120A.

3.6 Sine wave inverter power supply

　　Sine wave inverters require high-precision voltage and frequency stabilization, and waveform quality. 400Hz medium frequency inverters have a three-phase capacity of 30-90kVA, a voltage stabilization accuracy of 2%, a frequency stabilization accuracy of 0.1%, and a waveform distortion of less than 3%, and can adapt to various loads. At the same time, we have developed inverters for postal and telecommunications, inverters for power systems, power plants and DC battery panels, inverters for vehicles and ships, and inverters for solar and wind power generation systems.

3.7 High-power, high-frequency, high-voltage DC power supply

High-power, high-frequency, and high-voltage DC power supplies are widely used, such as in environmentally friendly electrostatic dust removal, sewage treatment, lasers, etc. in industry. In medicine, they are used in large equipment such as X-ray machines and CT. In scientific research, they are used in high-energy physics and plasma physics. In the military, they are used in radar transmitters. The highest voltage can reach 800kV.

3.8 Fluorescent lamp ballast

　　The core of the electronic ballast is a high-frequency generator. When the fluorescent lamp works at a high frequency of several kilohertz, matching the lamp with the high-frequency circuit can significantly improve the lighting efficiency and achieve energy saving. The power factor is increased to a level close to 1.

3.9 Dynamic static reactive power compensation device

The voltage level and device capacity of dynamic static VAR compensation devices have been continuously improved, and full digital computer control has been realized. my country has successfully applied them in steel mills and other enterprises, achieving great economic and social benefits.

From the above, it can be seen that the innovation of power supply technology will promote its rapid development, and it will make greater contributions to production and scientific and technological progress. It can be predicted that power supply technology and power supply equipment will become the dominant technology and mainstream products in the new century.

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lj6036688

High and medium frequency induction heating technology Lu Jian work email: lj6036688@yahoo.com.cn Mobile phone: 13306107699 Can you imagine that an iron rod can be heated to red in one or two seconds? Can any metal be heated quickly to melt? This is the fastest direct heating method that humans can currently do and master - high and medium frequency induction heating. Usually, people heat objects by using the combustion of energy such as coal, oil, and gas to generate heat; the second is to use electrical appliances such as electric furnaces to convert electrical energy into heat. This heat can only be transferred to the object to be heated through heat transfer (heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation), and can also achieve the purpose of heating the object. Due to these heating methods, the heated object is heated by absorbing external heat. Therefore, they all belong to indirect heating methods. We know that the natural law of heat transfer is: heat can only be naturally transferred from high temperature area to low temperature area, high temperature body to low temperature body, and high temperature part to low temperature part. Therefore, only when the external heat and temperature are significantly greater than or higher than the heated object can it be effectively heated. This requires a lot of energy to establish a high-temperature zone with much more heat and much higher temperature than the heated object requires. Such as furnaces, ovens, etc. In this way, not only can only a small part of this heat be transferred to the heated object, resulting in a great waste of energy. Moreover, the heating time is long, and a large amount of harmful substances and gases will be produced during the combustion and heating process. They will not only cause corrosive damage to the heated object, but also pollute the atmosphere. Even if electric heating methods such as electric furnaces are used, although there is no pollution, there are still disadvantages such as low efficiency, high cost, and slow heating speed. The progress and development of science have enabled us to use efficient, fast, energy-saving and environmentally friendly methods to heat metal objects or non-metal objects today. This is the direct heating method. For non-metallic objects, microwave heating with an operating frequency of about 240MHZ or above can be used to make its internal molecules and atoms vibrate and rub hundreds of millions of times per second. For metal objects, medium-frequency and high-frequency induction heating with working frequencies ranging from several thousand Hz (KHZ) to hundreds of kHz or more can be used. Medium-frequency and high-frequency induction heating is to convert industrial frequency (50HZ) AC into AC with a frequency of generally 1KHZ to hundreds of KHZ, or even higher frequency, and then convert it into a magnetic field of the same frequency through an inductor coil using the principle of electromagnetic induction, and then act on the metal body in the magnetic field. By using the eddy current effect, an induced rotating current (i.e. eddy current) proportional to the magnetic field strength is generated in the metal object. The rotating current is converted into heat energy with the help of the resistance in the metal object. At the same time, there are also hysteresis effects, skin effects, edge effects, etc., which can also generate a small amount of heat. Together, they can cause the temperature of the metal object to rise rapidly, achieving the purpose of rapid heating. The skin effect of high-frequency current can cause the eddy current in the metal object to concentrate on the metal surface circulation as the frequency increases. In this way, the heating depth of the metal object can be controlled by controlling the frequency of the working current. It can not only improve the processing technology, but also make full use of energy. When used for hot punching, hot forging and overall annealing of workpieces, they require a large heating depth, so the operating frequency can be reduced; when used for heat treatment such as surface quenching, they require a small heating depth, so the operating frequency can be increased. On the other hand, for smaller workpieces or pipes and plates, high-frequency heating is used, and for larger workpieces, medium-frequency heating is used. Because induction heating is short, fast, and non-contact (the heated object does not need to contact the induction coil), it is less oxidized than other heating methods, and it is easy to perform gas protection when necessary. The rapid development of electronic technology has made great progress in the quality, efficiency, and reliability of electronic components. They are also more miniaturized and micro-miniaturized in size. This provides better development conditions and space for induction heating technology. In terms of small signal generation and processing, control and protection, regulation and display, more digital circuits with higher reliability, better stability, and stronger anti-interference ability are used. In terms of power components, it has evolved from electron tubes with high energy consumption, low efficiency, high working voltage and large radiation to thyristors, field effect transistors (MOSFET) and IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors) generation after generation. The power utilization rate of the whole machine has been increased to more than 95% (the power utilization rate of electron tubes is only about 60%), and the cooling water saves about 60% compared with electron tube products. And it can achieve 24-hour uninterrupted continuous operation. In this way, it can not only be used normally during the day, but also work at night during the low-peak electricity discount period. Due to induction heating, it has the advantages of low energy consumption, low electricity consumption, fast heating speed, no pollution, no noise, no need for preheating, not easy to oxidize, easy to protect gas, automatic control, with multiple intelligent protections, safe and reliable, easy to operate, and can work continuously without interruption. More and more manufacturers and customers have switched from coal heating, diesel heating, liquefied gas heating, electric furnace and electric oven heating to high and medium frequency induction heating! Whether it is a state-owned enterprise, a private enterprise, or a private or foreign enterprise, all industries such as metal heat treatment, metal heat processing, metal welding, metal smelting, and refining have increasingly adopted high and medium frequency induction heating equipment. Therefore, the market is very broad! The main uses of high and medium frequency induction heating equipment: 1. Heat treatment, such as shafts, gears, quenching, and annealing of stainless steel products. 2. Heat transfer of workpieces, such as hot upsetting and hot rolling of fasteners, standard parts, auto parts, hardware tools, rigging, twist drills, etc. 3. Melting, such as precious metals such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and lead. 4. Hot fit, such as motors, solenoid valves, and bushings. The induction heating equipment of Danyang Zhongfa Electronics Co., Ltd. is developed and produced through the introduction of high-tech from developed countries such as Germany, the United States, and Japan, and the careful and hard research, innovation, and improvement of scientific researchers for many years, representing the most energy-saving, reliable, and advanced technology products. Important components and core components are all electronic components from world-class manufacturers. For example, small signal processing circuits such as high-frequency oscillation, control and intelligent protection use digital integrated circuits from Japan and the United States; the high-voltage, high-current electronic components used for power amplification and output are all from the world's top German and Japanese brands.

motingliu

Oh, so long, so detailed :L