(Extra 13) GD32L233 Review - Let's Play Some Music

韵湖葱白

(Extra 13) GD32L233 Review - Let's Play Some Music [Copy link]

<i class="pstatus"> This post was last edited by Yunhu Congbai on 2022-3-10 11:57 </i> ## Preface On the second day of work, I spent half an hour to get the pwm drive of the passive buzzer to play music. ## Passive buzzer; the so-called passive means that the buzzer does not have an oscillation source inside and needs a frequency signal to drive. Active buzzer | Passive buzzer---|--- With oscillation source-fixed frequency | Without oscillation source-controllable frequency The pin has direction | The pin has no direction One-way internal resistance, generally more than 1KΩ | Bidirectional internal resistance, generally several hundred Ω With circuit board | Without circuit board, it will sound when powered on | Frequency signal drive is expensive | Cheap Since the passive buzzer is controlled by a frequency signal, we can play music by adjusting the control frequency. The sound frequency range that the human ear can feel is 20HZ ~ 20KHZ, and the frequency of music is generally several hundred HZ, not exceeding 2KHZ. Assuming that our timer frequency is 100MHZ, we need to reduce the PWM frequency to the frequency range of music by frequency division: set the prescaler value to 999, reduce the frequency to 100KHZ, and adjust the period to make the output frequency within the range of sound. For example, the frequency of C scale 1 is 262HZ, so the period value is: 100K/262≈382 We encapsulate the interface (code GD32): ``` void timer3_freq_change(uint32_t freq_base, uint16_t freq) { uint16_t period = freq_base / freq; timer_autoreload_value_config(TIMER2, period); timer_event_software_generate(TIMER2, TIMER_EVENT_SRC_UPG); } ``` Among them, freq_base is the value after prescaler, and freq is the frequency value of sound. Let's encapsulate this interface again. ``` #define TIMER_FREQ_BASE 100000 // 100K #define TIMER_PRESCALER 639 // Frequency division factor * 100K = 64M #define PLAY_SOUND(note) timer3_freq_change(TIMER_FREQ_BASE, note) ``` At this point, the interface for playing sound is done. ## A little music theory We have already figured out how to play sound, so in music theory, we also need to know the tune and beat of music. Let's look at a piece of music score. ![Happy Birthday to You](https://gitee.com/anyangchina/ppp/raw/master/20211112Happy Birthday to You Simplified Music.jpg) The upper left corner of the music score generally indicates the tune, beat number and BPM of the song. "Happy Birthday to You" is in the key of C. 3/4 means that a quarter note is 1 beat, and there are 3 beats per measure. Tadpole = 100 means 100 beats per minute. With these data, we can calculate the duration of each note = 60s/100 = 600ms. About the notation in the simplified notation: The lower dot of the note indicates the bass, the upper dot indicates the treble, - indicates the extended note, one underline indicates that the duration is halved, and N underlines indicate that the duration is reduced by 2^N times. () indicates an interlude or a transition, ‖::‖ indicates repetition, and the upper bracket indicates legato. For example, the upper underlined part indicates: The previous section: 7 plays for 600ms, - means that 7 continues to play for 600ms, 5 underlines play for 300ms, 5 underlines play for 300ms, and a total of 1800ms is played. The next section: 6 plays for 600ms, 5 plays for 600ms, and 2 plays for 600ms with a dot on it, and a total of 1800ms is played. 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_B[] = { 0, 248, 278, 294, 330, 371, 416, ///< Bass 1-7 441, 495, 556, 589, 661, 742, 833, ///< Normal 1-7 882, 990, 1112, 1178, 1322, 1484, 1665 ///< Treble 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_C[] = { 0, 221, 248, 278, 294, 330, 371, 416, 467, ///< Bass 1-7 , 330, 350, 393, 441, 495, ///< Normal 1-7 525, 589, 661, 700, 786, 882, 990 ///< Treble 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_C[] = { 0, 131, 147, 165, 175, 196, 221, 248, ///< Bass 1-7 262, 294, 330, 350, 393, 441, 495, ///< Normal 1-7 525, 589, 661, 742, 833, 935, ///< Normal 1-7 990, 1112, 1178, 1322, 1484, 1665, 1869 ///< Treble 1-7 }; }; const uint16_t freq_D[] = { 0, 147, 165, 175, 196, 221, 248, 278, ///< Bass 1-7 294, 330, 350, 393, 441, 495, 556, ///< Normal 1-7 589, 661, 700, 786, 882, 990, 1112 ///< Treble 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_E[] = { 0, 165, 175, 196, 221, 248, 278, 312, ///< Bass 1-7 330, 350, 393, 441, 495, 556, 624, ///< Normal 1-7 661, 700, 786, 882, 990, 1112, 1248 ///< Treble 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_F[] = { 0, 175, 196, 221, 234, 262, 294, 330, ///< Bass 1-7 350, 393, 441, 495, 556, 624, 661, ///< Normal 1-7 700, 786, 882, 935, 1049, 1178, 1248 ///< Treble 1-7 }; const uint16_t freq_G[] = { 0, 196, 221, 234, 262, 294, 330, 371, ///< Bass 1-7 393, 441, 495, 556, 624, 661, 742,///< Normal notes 1-7 786, 882, 935, 1049, 1178, 1322, 1484 ///< Treble notes 1-7 }; ``` Here we use an array to organize them for easy calling: ``` const uint16_t *FREQS[] = {freq_A, freq_B, freq_C, freq_E, freq_F, freq_G}; ``` At the same time, an enumeration is opened to the outside world for external calling (the outside world only needs to know the key signature and does not need to care about the specific frequency value): ``` typedef enum { TONE_A, TONE_B, TONE_C, TONE_D, TONE_E, TONE_F, TONE_G, }tone_e; ``` ## Score making From the above inference, in fact, the playing time of a single note is only related to the bpm. In programming, there is only one point we need to care about: **How to represent notes of different playing time? ** Here, we need to use some math or programming skills. We use regular numbers to represent different playing times, and use a table to illustrate: Note | Mathematical representation --- | --- 0 (blank) | 0 Bass 1-7 | 1-7 Normal 1-7 | 8-14 Treble 1-7 | 15-21 --- | --- Bass 1-7 (1 underline) | 31-37 Normal 1-7 (1 underline) | 38-44 Treble 1-7 (1 underline) | 45-51 --- | --- Bass 1-7 (2 underlines) | 61-67 Normal 1-7 (2 underlines) | 68-74 Treble 1-7 (2 underlines) | 75-81 --- | --- Bass 1-7 (3 underlines) | 91-97 Normal 1-7 (3 underlines) | 98-104 treble 1-7 (3 underscores) | 105-111 ---|--- bass 1-7 (4 underscores) | 121-127 normal 1-7 (4 underscores) | 128-134 treble 1-7 (4 underscores) | 135-141 A linear representation method is used here, and when we write a program, we can happily use if else to solve it. ``` void play_music(uint16_t bpm, tone_e tone, uint16_t *data, uint16_t len) { uint16_t delay = 60000/bpm; uint8_t index; const uint16_t *freq = FREQS[tone]; for (index = 0; index < len; index++) { if (data[index] <= HIGH7) { /* Basic scale */ PLAY_SOUND(freq[data[index]]); delay_ms(delay); } else if (data[index] <= HIGH7_) { /* 1_ */ PLAY_SOUND(freq[data[index]-30]); delay_ms(delay/2); } else if (data[index] <= HIGH7_2) { /* 2_ */ PLAY_SOUND(freq[data[index]-60 ]); delay_ms(delay/4); } else if (data[index] <= HIGH7_3) { /* 3 _ */ PLAY_SOUND(freq[data[index]-90]); delay_ms(delay/8); } else if (data[index] <= HIGH7_4) { /* 4 _ */ PLAY_SOUND(freq[data[index]-120]); delay_ms(delay/16); } } } ``` In the above program, we once again used programming skills and replaced numbers with simple macro definitions to facilitate our music notation. ``` 0 = BASE0 1 bass = LOW1 1 = BASE1 1 treble = HIGH1 1 one underline = BASE1_ 1 two underlines = BASE1_2 1 three underlines = BASE1_3 1 four underlines = BASE1_4 ``` With this relationship, we can easily make music. For example, the underlined part of "Happy Birthday to You" is expressed as: ` BASE7, BASE7, BASE5_, BASE5_ ` ` BASE6, BASE5,HIGH2 ` At this point, we can easily translate a song. Let's also paste the macro definition: ``` #define BASE0 0 #define LOW1 1 #define LOW2 2 #define LOW3 3 #define LOW4 4 #define LOW5 5 #define LOW6 6 #define LOW7 7 #define BASE1 8 #define BASE2 9 #define BASE3 10 #define BASE4 11 #define BASE5 12 #define BASE6 13 #define BASE7 14 #define HIGH1 15 #define HIGH2 16 #define HIGH3 17 #define HIGH4 18 #define HIGH5 19 #define HIGH6 20 #define HIGH7 21 #define LOW1_ (30+LOW1) #define LOW2_ (30+LOW2) #define LOW3_ (30+LOW3) #define LOW4_ (30+LOW4) #define LOW5_ (30+LOW5) #define LOW6_ (30+LOW6) #define LOW7_ (30+LOW7) #define BASE1_ (30+BASE1) #define BASE2_ (30+BASE2) #define BASE3_ (30+BASE3) #define BASE4_ (30 +BASE4) #define BASE5_ (30+BASE5) #define BASE6_ (30+BASE6) #define BASE7_ (30+BASE7) #define HIGH1_ (30+HIGH1) #define HIGH2_ (30+HIGH2) #define HIGH3_ (30+HIGH3) #define HIGH4_ (30+HIGH4) #define HIGH5_ (30+HIGH5) #define HIGH6_ (30+HIGH6) #define HIGH7_ (30+HIGH7) #define LOW1_2 (60+LOW1) #define LOW2_2 (60+LOW2) #define LOW3_2 (60+LOW3) #define LOW4_2 (60+LOW4) #define LOW5_2 (60+LOW5) #define LOW6_2 (60+LOW6) #define LOW7_2 (60+LOW7) #define BASE1_2 (60+BASE1) #define BASE2_2 (60+BASE2) #define BASE3_2 (60+BASE3) #define BASE4_2 (60+BASE4) #define BASE5_2 (60+BASE5) #define BASE6_2 (60+BASE6 ) #define BASE7_2 (60+BASE7) #define HIGH1_2 (60+HIGH1) #define HIGH2_2 (60+HIGH2) #define HIGH3_2 (60+HIGH3) #define HIGH4_2 (60+HIGH4) #define HIGH5_2 (60+HIGH5) #define HIGH6_2 (60+HIGH6) #define HIGH7_ 2 (60+HIGH7) #define LOW1_3 (90+LOW1) #define LOW2_3 (90+LOW2) #define LOW3_3 (90+LOW3) #define LOW4_3 (90+LOW4) #define LOW5_3 (90+LOW5) #define LOW6_3 (90+LOW6) #define LOW7_3 (90+LOW7) #define BASE1_3 (90+BASE1) #define BASE2_3 (90+BASE2) #define BASE3_3 (90+BASE3) #define BASE4_3 (90+BASE4) #define BASE5_3 (90+BASE5) #define BASE6_3 (90+BASE6) #define BASE7_3 (90+BASE7) #define HIGH1_3 (90+HIGH1) #def ine HIGH2_3 (90+HIGH2) #define HIGH3_3 (90+HIGH3) #define HIGH4_3 (90+HIGH4) #define HIGH5_3 (90+HIGH5) #define HIGH6_3 (90+HIGH6) #define HIGH7_3 (90+HIGH7) #define LOW1_4 (120+LOW1) #define LOW2_4 (120+LOW2) #define LOW3_4 (120+LOW3) #define LOW4_4 (120+LOW4) #define LOW5_4 (120+LOW5) #define LOW6_4 (120+LOW6) #define LOW7_4 (120+LOW7) #define BASE1_4 (120+BASE1) #define BASE2_ 4 (120+BASE2) #define BASE3_4 (120+BASE3) #define BASE4_4 (120+BASE4) #define BASE5_4 (120+BASE5) #define BASE6_4 (120+BASE6) #define BASE7_4 (120+BASE7) #define HIGH1_4 (120+HIGH1) #define HIGH2_4 (120+HIGH2) #defineHIGH3_4 (120+HIGH3) #define HIGH4_4 (120+HIGH4) #define HIGH5_4 (120+HIGH5) #define HIGH6_4 (120+HIGH6) #define HIGH7_4 (120+HIGH7) ``` ## SHOW TIME ### Wish you the best Happy birthday``` void play_sheng_ri_kuai_le(void) { uint16_t bpm = 100; tone_e tone = TONE_C; uint16_t gc[] = { /* Interlude*/ BASE5, BASE5, HIGH5, HIGH3, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE6, BASE6, BASE0 , HIGH4_, HIGH4_, HIGH3, HIGH1, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, /* First paragraph*/ BASE5_, BASE5_, // - Wish you BASE6, BASE5, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE7, BASE5_, BASE5_, // - Wish you BASE6, BASE5, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, BASE5_, BASE5_, // - Wish you HIGH5, HIGH3, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE6, BASE6, BASE0, HIGH4_, HIGH4_, // - Wish you HIGH3, HIGH1, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, /* The second paragraph*/ BASE5_, BASE5_, // - I wish you BASE6, BASE5, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE7, BASE5_, BASE5_, // Happy, I wish you BASE6, BASE5, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, BASE5_, BASE5_, // - Wish you HIGH5, HIGH3, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE6, BASE6, BASE0, HIGH4_, HIGH4_, // - Wish you HIGH3, HIGH1, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, /* End */ BASE5_, BASE5_ , // - Wish you HIGH5, HIGH3, HIGH1, BASE7, BASE6, BASE6, BASE0, HIGH4_, HIGH4_, // - Wish you HIGH3, HIGH1, HIGH2, HIGH1, HIGH1, HIGH1 }; play_music(bpm, tone, gc, ARRAY_NUM(gc)); } ``` ### Cang Hai Yi Sheng Xiao! [Cang Hai Yi Sheng Xiao Score](https://gitee.com/anyangchina/ppp/raw/master/20211112Cang Hai Yi Sheng Xiao Score.jpg) ``` void play_cang_hai_yi_sheng_xiao(void) { uint16_t bpm = 66; tone_e tone = TONE_A; uint16_t gz0[] = { /* Interlude*/ BASE5_2, BASE6_2, HIGH1_2, HIGH2_2, HIGH5_, HIGH2_, BASE5_2, BASE6_2, HIGH1_2, HIGH2_2, HIGH5_, HIGH2_ }; uint16_t gc123[] = { /* Interlude*/ 123 The sea laughs, the sky laughs, the mountains laugh*/ BASE6_, BASE6_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_, }; BASE2_2, BASE1, BASE1, BASE3_, BASE2_2, BASE1_, LOW6_2, LOW5_2, LOW5, LOW5, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW1_, LOW2_2, BASE3_, BASE5_, LOW6_, LOW5_2, BASE3_2, BASE2_2, BASE1_, BASE2 }; uint16_t gc45[] = { /* The fourth paragraph is about the gentle breeze and the common people laughing*/ BASE6_, BASE6_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_, BASE2_2, BASE1, BASE1, BASE3_, BASE2_2, BASE1_, LOW6_2, LOW5_2, LOW5, LOW5, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW1_, LOW2_2, BASE3_, BASE5_, LOW6_, LOW5_2, BASE3_2, BASE2_2, BASE1_, BASE1, BASE1, }; uint16_t gz1[] = { /* Interlude*/ LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, LOW6_2, BASE1_2, BASE2_2, BASE3_2, BASE6_, BASE6_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_, BASE2_,BASE1, BASE1, BASE3_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_2, BASE2_2, BASE1_, LOW6_, LOW5, LOW5, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW1_, LOW2_2, BASE3_, BASE5_2, BASE6_, BASE5_2, BASE5_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_2, BASE2_2, BASE1_2, BASE2, BASE2 }; uint16_t last[] = { /* end*/ BASE6_, BASE6_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_, BASE2_2, BASE1, BASE1, BASE3_, BASE2_2, BASE1_, LOW6_2, LOW5, LOW5, LOW5_, LOW6_2, LOW5_, LOW6_2, BASE1_, BASE2_2, BASE3_, BASE5_2, BASE6_, BASE5_2, BASE5_2, BASE5_2, BASE3_2, BASE2_2, BASE1_2, BASE2, BASE2 }; play_music(bpm, tone, gz0, ARRAY_NUM(gz0)); play_music(bpm, tone, gc123 , ARRAY_NUM(gc123)); play_music(bpm, tone, gc123, ARRAY_NUM(gc123)); play_music(bpm, tone, gc123, ARRAY_NUM(gc123)); play_music(bpm, tone, gc45, ARRAY_NUM(gc45)); play_music (bpm, tone, gz1, ARRAY_NUM(gz1)); play_music(bpm, tone, gc45, ARRAY_NUM(gc45)); play_music(bpm, tone, last, ARRAY_NUM(last)); play_music(bpm, tone, last, ARRAY_NUM(last)); } ` `` ## video

![](https://gitee.com/anyangchina/ppp/raw/master/Article EOF.gif) ![](https://gitee.com/anyangchina/ppp/raw/master/One-click triple S.gif)

韵湖葱白

A Laugh from the Sea

韵湖葱白

Happy birthday to you

wangerxian

You can tell at a glance that you are very familiar with audio, as you have worked on it in class.

yang_alex

I also finished "Happy Birthday to You", but before I had the chance to post it, I saw yours.

(Extra 13) GD32L233 Review - Let's Play Some Music [Copy link]

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