How to prepare for the National Undergraduate Electronic Design Competition? This article explains it all

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How to prepare for the National Undergraduate Electronic Design Competition? This article explains it all [Copy link]

How to prepare for the National College Student Electronic Design Competition?

The most important thing is what courses to study: "Basics of Electrical Circuits", "Low-frequency Electronic Circuits", "Digital Circuits", "High-frequency Electronic Circuits", "Electronic Measurement", "Principles and Applications of Intelligent Instruments", "Sensor Technology", "Motors and Electrical Control", "Signals and Systems", "Principles and Applications of Single-chip Microcomputer Interfaces", etc. The subjects to be studied cannot be set in stone. The wider the knowledge, the better. It is the product of the comprehensive application of various subjects, and it must have very strong hands-on and innovative abilities, which greatly promotes a person's hands-on ability. Don't rush to learn. Master some basic circuits and debugging, welding technology, the use of Protel software, and be able to make robots. It is best to understand the mechanical structure. Many things may not be used at any time after learning. Don't ignore it when you feel it is useless. That would be a big mistake. You will experience a lot of fun in the process of learning electronic DIY. You must accumulate and flourish.

What modules should be prepared for the National College Student Electronic Design Competition?

Modules can be prepared mainly for the following categories: power supply, signal source, radio, amplifier, instrumentation, and control.

It is recommended to lay a good foundation and reserve knowledge now: 1. Digital electronics, analog electronics, microcontroller principles, C language, these are must-learn and very important. 2. Collect relevant information, such as chip data manuals, application notes, source programs, and production examples. Now accumulate the information and it will be very convenient to use it later. 3. Go to the electronics market more often, buy some components and make some things yourself to exercise practical ability. 4. Look at the topics of the electronic design competition in previous years, learn the strengths of other people's designs, and it is best to summarize them yourself and write them into your own things. 5. Find the teacher who used to lead the electronic design competition in your school, tell him your own ideas, and hope he can give you some advice or help. 6. Persist, persist, and persist again, overcome difficulties, and persevere! Once you have learned these most basic things, when you officially participate in the competition, it will not be very difficult to use ARM, DSP, FPGA, etc.! Remember, don't follow fashion and chase new trends. If you have mastered all the basic things, new things will not be so mysterious!!

Courses: I also need to learn single-chip microcomputer, embedded system, digital circuit, CPLD/FPGA design, C language, assembly, microcomputer interface analog electronics. I need to learn it well. If the signal is not big, I need to use QuartusII for CPLD/FPGA programming/simulation. I need to use Proteus for single-chip microcomputer simulation and Multisim for analog electronics simulation. I need to use Keil for single-chip microcomputer programming, using C language and assembly. I also need to use Linux kernel for embedded system. I also need to use Protel 99SE for drawing PCB boards. The latest one is called "Altium Designer". Anyway, I need to use all these things. There are a lot of things to learn. I suggest you read books about what you need. In addition, electronic design competitions are all in groups of several people, so you need to divide the work and cooperate. I leave this post here to motivate myself to prepare for the National College Student Electronic Design Competition in two years. In these two years, I have completed the upgrade of my skills and the qualitative change of my abilities:

1. Familiar with PCB Layer Out rules (EDA tool Protel99SE, OR CAD)

2. Proficient in core design of CPLD, FPGA, and GAL based on VHDL and AHDL

3. Proficient in circuit simulation analysis based on Multisim

4. Proficient in programming based on MCS-51 or other series of single-chip microcomputers (C/A mixed programming)

5. Proficient in small and medium-scale timing and combinational digital circuit design based on ASIC

6. Proficient in general analog and high-frequency communication circuit design based on ASIC

7. Proficient in ASIC-based DA/AD and sensor detection circuit design

8. Proficient in ASIC-based phase-locked loop circuits and modern frequency synthesis technology

9. Be proficient in the design of peripheral expansion circuits of single-chip microcomputers and MCU standard communication protocols

10. Master the host computer programming based on VB/VC++ and the host computer programming of serial and parallel port communication

11. Be familiar with the definition and measurement methods of various common electrical parameters

12. Be proficient in the use of multimeter, oscilloscope, sweep frequency meter, signal source, frequency meter and other instruments

13. Able to independently complete PCB production under amateur conditions within the specified time

14. Able to independently complete the whole machine debugging of small-scale systems

15. Be able to read device data sheets, write experimental notes, and write design reports

16. Have certain abstract modeling ability, solid mathematical calculation ability and English expression ability

17. Be modest and prudent, have a team spirit, obey the team's decision and be modest and prudent

18. Have you studied the e-contest questions from previous years in detail?

19. Do you know the strengths of your team, whether it is control, data processing, or wireless and communication?

The Electronic Design Competition is one of the "four major competitions" of colleges and universities. It is held every two years (the Electronic Design Competition is held in odd-numbered years). The competition is held around the beginning of September and lasts for four days and three nights. The contestants are mainly undergraduate students from colleges and universities (there are also some vocational students), and three people form a group (the competition is based on the group as the basic unit of participation). During the competition, the contestants are relatively isolated from the outside world, but they can consult information and use PCs to surf the Internet (not allowed to communicate with non-group members). The competition is divided into two parts: theory and practice, of which the former accounts for 50 points and the latter accounts for 100 points. The practical part includes the entire process from designing circuits from problems to making products and writing related paper reports, with a time limit of four days and three nights. The competition venue is generally provided by colleges and universities.

Knowledge requirements :

Circuits, analog electronic technology, digital electronic technology, microcomputer principles and interface technology, C language programming (hardware-oriented). Of course, it is not enough to rely on these knowledge alone. The competition also requires participants to have a solid professional background knowledge. The following categories are listed:

Information communication: high-frequency electronic technology, digital signal principles, communication principles, signals and systems.

Electronic instruments: electronic measurement technology, electronic instrument technology, virtual instrument technology.

Electromechanical control: sensors and detection, automatic control principles, computer control, control motors.

Power electronics: power conversion technology, power electronics technology.

You don’t need to master all of the above, but you can selectively master one or two of them based on your major or interests. For students majoring in automation, the last two are the most suitable.

Basic skill requirements : The competition places great emphasis on the participants' hands-on ability, so the skill requirements are very real, not just empty talk.

The main skills are: 1. The ability to collect and organize information. Since you can consult the information during the competition, it is very important, even critical, to collect and organize the information before the competition. 2. Self-study ability. Most of the competition questions contain some new knowledge and new ideas, which are generally not encountered in normal times, and even the instructors may not have heard of them. Therefore, the ability to self-study new knowledge in a short period of time and transform it into practice is essential. 3. The ability to read English materials. Due to the cutting-edge nature of the competition and the global nature of technology, we inevitably need to consult English materials, so this ability is very important. 4. Document organization and writing ability. The competition includes writing papers and reports, and the time is very tight, so this ability should also be possessed. 5. PCB plate making ability. How to make a plate for a designed circuit? How to make a plate to facilitate assembly and welding, and reduce mutual interference? What kind of process can be used to improve the accuracy of the circuit and other issues are the key to the final success or failure, and this is based on the PCB plate making ability. 6. Welding and assembly ability. When all the modules are done, if the assembly or welding is not good, it will undoubtedly fail, so this ability is essential. 7. The ability to use electronic instruments. During the competition, you will be exposed to a large number of high-precision and high-performance electronic instruments. Only when you are proficient in the operation of these instruments can you talk about system debugging and product production. 8. System debugging and troubleshooting capabilities. Newly installed products are almost never in their best condition, and generally there will be problems of varying sizes. Only after troubleshooting and system debugging can the product run successfully. Therefore, how to find and solve problems in a relatively short period of time is also a reflection of ability. 9. Electronic design capabilities

In addition to the above experience-based skills, the competition also requires participants to have knowledge-based abilities to transform knowledge into practice. Mainly including: 1. Basic analog unit circuit design ability. 2. Electronic system design and integration ability. 3. Microprocessor design and application ability (51 single-chip microcomputer, TI's DSP, ARM) 4. EDA development and application ability (FPGA, CPLD, PAC, SOPC) 5. Programming ability (C language, VHDL, assembly)

Innovation ability : In addition, the competition also has high requirements for the innovation ability of the contestants, mainly including the following aspects: 1. Ability to adapt. 2. Ability to learn and apply new knowledge. 3. Ability to learn and use new devices. 4. Ability to develop soft cores with independent intellectual property rights (VHDL, C language) 5. System integration innovation ability.

I. Basic knowledge: 1. Circuit principles 2. Digital circuits 3. Analog circuits (key points) 4. Introduction to components

2. Software (overall programming ability)

1. Microcontroller Basics and Programming: (Key Points) Microcontroller internal structure and working principle Microcontroller interface circuit Microcontroller program design Microcontroller development system (51 series or AVR microcontroller)

2. Programmable logic devices and programming: CPLD/FPGA internal structure and working principle VHDL language CPLD/FPGA interface circuit design CPLD/FPGA development system (MAX-PLUSⅡ software)

3. Protel circuit design software: (key point) schematic design PCB design circuit simulation analysis (protel99SE or Protel DXP)

4. Circuit simulation software: EWB Multisim (I recommend using this software, the component parameter settings of Multisim software are closer to reality) SPSICE

5. Sensing and detection technology: electronic measurement methods and principles Sensor working principle

6. Use of MATLAB

3. Others

1. Printed circuit boards, welding technology 2. Instruments used: regulated power supply oscilloscope digital multimeter frequency meter function generator spectrum analyzer LC parameter measuring instrument 3. Unit circuit design and production power supply circuit amplifier circuit operational amplifier circuit sensor circuit power drive circuit A/D and D/A conversion signal generation and processing circuit sound alarm circuit display circuit 4. Paper writing (pay attention to the format) 5. Team cooperation and division of labor, that is, team spirit

Basic knowledge reserve "Analog Electronic Technology", "Microcomputer Principle Application", "EDA Application", "Digital Electronic Technology", "MCU Principle and Application", "Embedded Technology Application", "Electrical and Electronic Training", "Electronic Technology Course Design", etc. "Programming language: mainly C language, VC++, Labview, etc.

Skills required for the competition:

1. Circuit analysis and design 2. Component selection and welding techniques 3. Microcontroller programming and use 4. Data collection 5. Paper writing and organization 6. Unity and cooperation

Minimum development system (Minimum development system (MCU) Proficient in using at least one microcontroller, such as AVR, 61 series, 51 series, PIC series, Motorola series, 430 series, ARM, CPLD, EDA, DSP, etc.

2 The DC power supply is generally a positive or negative 5-24V DC power supply. When answering the questions, you will be given at least 6 points if you make your own DC power supply. If you use a finished product, you will not get any points. 3 Keyboard, display part Keyboard, keyboard part (keyboard part (1x8; 4x4, etc.) If fewer keys are needed, you can directly use the I/O port, or use encoders such as 74LS148 (which will save some I/O ports), but pay attention to de-jittering (you can use software, or you can use hardware de-jittering methods such as monostable triggers, RC circuits, etc.). If more keys are used, you can use a keyboard management chip, such as 8279, 7289A, etc. The size, power consumption, and cost will be larger, but it is easier to use. The display part is generally divided into two categories: LED and LCD. LED is more classic and more commonly used. It can be found in general information. It is a better way to use a keyboard display management chip for unified management. LCD is divided into liquid crystal chips and liquid crystal display modules (which are divided into field type and dot matrix type). Unless you use a 430 series microcontroller (it comes with an LCD driver module, and the interface and use are very convenient.) For other microcontrollers, in order to save precious time, it is best to use a liquid crystal module, especially a liquid crystal module with a Chinese character library, which should be learned to use at ordinary times. 4 Forward channel multiplexer, conditioning circuit, amplification, filtering, multiplexer, conditioning circuit, amplification, filtering, isolation, etc. Learn to use commonly used ordinary precision amplifiers, instrument amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, etc.; the wiring and board making of this part are more important.

Integrated operational amplifier classification:

1. General-purpose operational amplifier (?A741, LM358 dual, LM324 quad)

2. High impedance operational amplifier (input impedance>109?1012?) (LF356, LF355, LF347, CA3130, CA3140) 3. Low temperature drift operational amplifier (OP-07, AD508, ICL7650)

4. High-speed operational amplifier (LM318, ?A715)

5. Low power operational amplifier (ICL7600)

6. High voltage and high power operational amplifier (?A791, D41)

Commonly used integrated operational amplifiers: 1. General purpose (?A741, LM324 quad op amp) 2. High impedance (LF347 quad op amp, CA3140) 3. Low temperature drift (OP-07, ICL7650) 4. High speed (LM318) 5. Low power consumption (ICL7600)

Common instrument amplifiers: AD620, AD624, etc.

Key points for using integrated operational amplifiers:

1. Power supply mode of integrated operational amplifier (1) Symmetrical dual power supply; (2) Single power supply

2. Zero adjustment of integrated operational amplifiers (1) Internal zero adjustment (2) External zero adjustment

3. Self-oscillation problem of integrated operational amplifier

4. Protection issues of integrated operational amplifiers (1) Power supply protection (2) Input protection (3) Output protection A/D According to the index requirements, select the appropriate analog-to-digital converter. If A/D is required, this part is one of the key contents of the report. Commonly used 8-bit A/D: AD0809 Commonly used 12-bit A/D: AD574, MAX191, MAX197, etc. There are also 16-bit (AD7715), 24-bit (AD7714), etc., which contain amplification, conditioning, filtering and other unit circuits; both single and bipolar inputs and differential inputs. Sensors Be familiar with the performance and use of commonly used sensors. Mainly including voltage, current, temperature (thermocouple, Pt1000, AD590, DS18B20, etc.) pressure, speed, position (Hall encoder, etc.); if there are questions about robots, you should also be familiar with sensors such as infrared sensors, proximity switches, photoresistors, metal detectors, etc. Isolation of switch signals (necessity of isolation) Isolation of switch signals (necessity of isolation) Expansion of I/O ports (necessity) Expansion of ports (necessity)

5 The back channel mainly includes drive display, printing, relay, such as PWM control. The specifics depend on the actual topic.

6. Considering the different majors, the topics covered each year are quite wide. Choose the one you are most confident about. If there are many groups in a teaching unit, do not concentrate on them. It is best to do several topics. In addition, be sure to write a good report.

7. Assembly and debugging of electronic circuits

I. Assembly of electronic circuits 1. Soldering technology of components (1) Soldering tools (3) Flux technology 2. Insertion technology on breadboard (1) Insertion of integrated circuits (3) Selection and connection of wires

2. Debugging methods for electronic circuits: 1. Debug while installing; 2. Debug once after all installations are completed. General debugging steps: 1. Check before power-on; 2. Check after power-on; 3. Unit circuit test; 4. Joint debugging of the whole machine.

Circuit fault troubleshooting methods: 1. Signal tracing method; 2. Bisection method; 3. Split test method; 4. Capacitor bypass method; 5. Comparison method; 6. Substitution method; 7. Static test method; 8. Dynamic test method

1. List of basic instruments: 20MHz ordinary oscilloscope (dual channel, external trigger input, with X-axis input, optional with Z-axis input) 60MHz dual channel digital oscilloscope Low frequency signal generator (1Hz~1MHz) High frequency signal generator (1MHz~40MHz) with FM/AM and external modulation functions Low frequency millivoltmeter, high frequency millivoltmeter, ordinary frequency meter Distortion tester, DC regulated power supply Stopwatch 10m tape measure Microcontroller development system and EDA development system AC voltmeter and ammeter (5A) Single-phase auto-coupling voltage regulator (>500W) 41 2-digit digital multimeter

2. List of main components Single-chip minimum system board (only single-chip chip, keyboard and display device, memory, A/D, D/A) A/D, D/A converter (data acquisition) (data acquisition) Operational amplifier, voltage comparator Programmable logic device and its download board Microphone, earphone (language processing, 61 board has advantages) (language processing, board has advantages) Display device Small motor Small relay Constantan, manganese copper resistor wire Photoelectric sensor Isolation transformer (>250W, 220V/60V) DDS integrated chip (digital frequency synthesis)

Learning of MCU theory and MCU welding practice Theoretical learning: First, learn the hardware structure and instruction system of 16/32-bit MCU, learn C language and assembly language and mixed programming of the two. After theoretical learning, use the experimental box to practice programming until you are familiar with it. Then enter the hands-on practice link. Have a C language foundation or assembly language foundation (with relevant MCU knowledge), and a microcomputer control technology foundation. Have a strong sense of innovation and innovation ability. Learn the basic principles of MCU, familiar with the hardware structure of MCU, the basic principles of 16-bit MCU, familiar with the hardware structure, instruction system and operation of the experimental box, proficient in programming, used for actual innovative production, and lay the foundation for electronic competitions and various competitions. On the basis of being familiar with ordinary 51 and 61 MCUs, combined with Zhou Ligong MCU, EasyARM2138 development board, understand the current high-end MCU development board-ARM's architecture, hardware expansion and system embedded development, architecture, hardware expansion and system embedded development, and prepare for various electronic competitions.