Design experience of a hardware engineerPhenomenon 1: It doesn\'t matter what value these pull-up/pull-down resistors use, just choose an integer of 5KComment: There is no 5K resistance value on the market. The closest one is 4.99K (accuracy 1%), followed by 5.1K (accuracy 5%), which costs 4 times and 2 times more than 4.7K with an accuracy of 20%. The resistance values of 20% precision resistors are only 1, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3, 4.7, and 6.8 (including integer multiples of 10); similarly, the capacitors with 20% precision also have only the above values. If other values are selected, higher precision must be used, and the cost will be multiplied several times, but it will not bring any benefits.Phenomenon 2: What color should the indicator light on the panel be? I think blue is special, so let\'s choose it. Comment: No matter the size (less than 5MM) or the packaging of other colors such as red, green, yellow, and orange, they have been mature for decades, and the price is generally less than 50 cents. However, blue is something that was invented in the past three or four years. The technical maturity and supply stability are poor, but the price is four or five times more expensive. At present, blue indicator lights are only used in occasions that cannot be replaced by other colors, such as displaying video signals. Phenomenon 3: This logic can be built with 74XX gate circuits, but it is too rustic. It is better to use CPLD, which looks more high-end. Comment: The gate circuit of 74XX is only a few cents, while CPLD is at least dozens of yuan (although GAL/PAL is only a few yuan, the company does not recommend it). The cost has increased by N times, and it has also added several times of work to production, documentation, etc. Phenomenon 4: Our system requirements are so high that all chips including MEM, CPU, FPGA, etc. must be selected at the fastest. Comment: In a high-speed system, not every part works at a high speed, and the price will almost double for each level of device speed increase, and it will also bring great negative impact to signal integrity issues. Phenomenon 5: The PCB design requirements for this board are not high, so use thinner wires. Comments on automatic wiring: Automatic wiring will inevitably occupy a larger PCB area and generate many times more vias than manual wiring. In large-volume products, the factors that PCB manufacturers consider when reducing prices are not only business factors, but also line width and number of vias. They affect the PCB yield and the number of drill bits consumed, respectively, saving the supplier\'s costs and finding a reason for price reduction. Phenomenon 6: As long as the program is stable, the code is longer...
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