ZTXZTX talks about lead-acid battery maintenance

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ZTXZTX talks about lead-acid battery maintenance [Copy link]

You will never learn without hands-on experience, and you will never improve without learning theories. The master will lead you to the door, and you must practice on your own.
The problem is solved only when the practical and theoretical explanations are unified.
Some manufacturers keep asking me about the specific waveforms and parameters of the repair instrument. I will give a clear answer here. This question is very complicated and cannot be answered in one or two sentences or one or two pages (A4). It is limited and targeted. Although I promised the publisher that I would not publish it unilaterally, I will reveal some key points and gradually tell netizens with a certain foundation and practice by asking questions.
This topic only talks about my own practice, involving theoretical sources, and my own unique insights; I will not comment on the "mistakes" of other netizens, but only talk about the parts that I agree with. The purpose is to support the electric vehicle industry and environmental protection.
For the convenience of discussion, I would like to introduce several books: 1. Lead-acid Battery Technology, second edition, by Professor Zhu Songran of Tianjin University, ISBN 7-111-09609-6, 29 yuan; 2. Fast Charging Technology of Storage Batteries, unified book number 15045, total 3001-5405, 0.85 yuan; 3. Fast Charging of Acid Storage Batteries, book number 15212-122, 1.10 yuan; 4. Use and Maintenance of Storage Batteries, revised edition, unified book number 15045, total 2031-514, 0.70 yuan; Nickel-Chromium Battery, unified book number 15045, total 2985-5397, 0.80 yuan; Silver-Zinc Storage Batteries, unified book number 15045, total 2678-5280. I personally think the first one is the best, most comprehensive and most authoritative one. The following books are science and technology books during the Cultural Revolution, suitable for middle school education. These books should be available online and can be found in the Chaoxing Library, but "Lead-Acid Battery Technology" is the first edition.
When I answered questions from netizens, I told everyone to read Professor Zhu Songran's "Lead-Acid Battery Technology" 10 times, and if you understand it, you will become an expert. This is true and realistic. In this way, there will be fewer verbal battles on this website; there will be less exaggerated propaganda; there will be fewer people cursing and being deceived; the efficiency and success rate of repairs with the same equipment will be high; the quality and effect of the repair instrument will be greatly improved, the pricing will be reasonable, and the cost, technical components, and training costs will be transparent.
However, this book has no teacher to explain it, and even ordinary science and engineering undergraduates have difficulty learning it by themselves. I have verified that: I gave it to my subordinates, children, and colleagues (all undergraduates and postgraduates) to read, and 100% of them answered that they could not understand it and could not read it. In the battery (repair) hospital, on the Internet, and asked netizens who have the book, the results are the same.
Therefore, when everyone prepares for the book, at the beginning of this topic, let's introduce some difficulties and key points in a simple and easy-to-understand way!
(I) Let's first talk about the term "electrode potential". Middle school students all know about chemical replacement reactions. Active metals can replace inactive metals. Iron is more active than copper. However, when making circuit boards, the circuit boards (copper-clad boards) are made of metallic copper, and the corrosion liquid is ferric chloride. As a result, copper disappears from the circuit boards (copper-clad boards). This reaction cannot be explained by middle school chemistry knowledge. The explanation in electrochemistry is very easy. That is, the electrode potentials of copper, divalent iron, and trivalent iron are different. In the above reaction, trivalent iron becomes divalent iron.
(II) Let's talk about another phenomenon. Why is it easy to rust at the bruised iron bucket? Explanation: Any two different metals or different substances can form a battery in the electrolyte because of the different electrode potentials. Even if it is the same metal, the electrode potential is different if the lattice is different. The same iron sheet mentioned earlier has a different electrode potential at the bruised part where the lattice has changed, forming a battery. In addition, the undamaged iron bucket is also easy to rust at the interface between water and air.
Knowing the above knowledge, let's introduce an example of reasonable application. Do you know how to prevent steel ships from rusting in the sea? Seawater is a very good electrolyte. Painting can only solve the problem in some parts. The water-entering part is solved like this: on the water-entering part, a zinc plate is welded (the negative electrode of a dry cell is also zinc). In this way, iron and zinc form a battery in the seawater due to different electrode potentials. The zinc plate (replaceable) corrodes, protecting the steel.
This method is used in household water heaters. A metal rod with a different electrode potential is fixed inside the water bucket, which consumes the (replaceable) metal rod and extends the life of the metal bucket.