®
ACS108-5Sx
AC LINE SWITCH
ASD™
AC Switch Family
MAIN APPLICATIONS
■
■
AC on-off static switching in appliance & indus-
trial control systems
Drive of low power high inductive or resistive
loads like
- relay, valve, solenoid, dispenser
- pump, fan, micro-motor
- defrost heater
OUT
G
COM
FEATURES
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Blocking voltage: V
DRM
/ V
RRM
= 500V
Clamping voltage: V
CL
= 600V
Nominal current: I
T(RMS)
= 0.8 A
Gate triggering current : I
GT
< 10mA
Triggering current is sourced by the gate
Switch integrated driver
Drive reference COM connected to the SOT-223
tab
TO-92
ACS108-5SA
BENEFITS
■
■
■
■
■
■
Needs no external overvoltage protection.
Enables the equipment to meet IEC61000-4-5
standard.
Allows straightforward connection of several
SOT-223 devices on the same cooling pad.
Reduces the switch component count by up to
80%.
Interfaces directly with the microcontroller.
Eliminates any stressing gate kick back on the
microcontroller.
DESCRIPTION
b
O
The ACS108 belongs to the AC line switches built
around the ASD™ concept. This high performance
device is able to control an 0.8 A load device.
The ACS™ switch embeds a high voltage clamping
structure to absorb the inductive turn-off energy
and a gate level shifter driver to separate the digital
controller from the main switch. It is triggered with a
negative gate current flowing out of the gate pin.
For further technical information, please refer to
ASD and ACS are a trademarks of STMicroelectronics.
so
te
le
r
P
uc
od
s)
t(
bs
-O
et
l
o
P
e
OUT
COM
od
r
s)
t(
uc
COM
G
SOT-223
ACS108-5SN
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
OUT
ACS108
S
ON
D
COM
G
June 2005
REV. 2
1/8
ACS108-5Sx
ABSOLUTE RATINGS
(limiting values)
Symbol
V
DRM
/
V
RRM
I
T(RMS)
Parameter
Repetitive peak off-state voltage
RMS on-state current full cycle sine
wave 50 to 60 Hz
Non repetitive surge peak on-state current
Tj initial = 25°C, full cycle sine wave
Critical rate of repetitive rise of on-state current
I
G
= 20mA with tr = 100ns
Non repetitive line peak pulse voltage
Storage temperature range
Operating junction temperature range
Maximum lead temperature for soldering during 10s
TO-92
TO-92
SOT-223
Tj = 125 °C
Tlead = 75 °C
Tamb = 60 °C
Tamb = 75 °C
F = 50 Hz
F = 60 Hz
F = 120 Hz
note 1
Value
500
0.8
0.3
0.8
7.3
8
100
2
- 40 to + 150
- 30 to + 125
260
Unit
V
A
A
A
A
A
A/µs
kV
°C
°C
°C
I
TMS
dI/dt
V
PP
Tstg
Tj
Tl
Note 1:
according to test described by IEC61000-4-5 standard & Figure 3.
SWITCH GATE CHARACTERISTICS
(maximum values)
Symbol
P
G(AV)
I
GM
V
GM
Symbol
Rth (j-a)
Rth (j-l)
Rth (j-t)
Parameter
Average gate power dissipation
Peak gate current (tp = 20µs)
Peak positive gate voltage (respect to the pin COM)
THERMAL RESISTANCES
Parameter
Junction to ambient
Junction to lead for full AC line cycle conduction
Junction to tab for full AC line cycle conduction
(*) : with 5 cm
2
copper (e=35µm) surface under tab
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
For either positive or negative polarity of pin OUT voltage respect to pin COM voltage excepted note 3
Symbol
I
GT
V
GT
V
GD
I
H
I
L
V
OUT
= 12V
V
OUT
= 12V
V
OUT
= V
DRM
I
OUT
= 100mA
I
G
= 20mA
I
OUT
= 1.1A
V
OUT
= V
DRM
V
OUT
= V
RRM
tp = 500µs
O
so
b
V
TM
I
DRM
/
I
RRM
dV/dt
(dI/dt)c
(dI/dt)c*
V
CL
te
le
r
P
uc
od
s)
t(
bs
-O
et
l
o
P
e
od
r
Value
0.1
1
5
s)
t(
uc
Unit
W
A
V
TO-92
SOT-223 (*)
TO-92
SOT-223
Value
150
60
60
25
Unit
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
Test conditions
R
L
= 140Ω
R
L
= 140Ω
R
L
= 3.3kΩ
gate open
V
OUT
= 400V
gate open
(dV/dt)c = 10V/µs
(dV/dt)c = 15V/µsI
OUT
< 0 (note 3)
I
CL
= 1mA
tp = 1ms
Tj = 25°C MAX.
Tj = 25°C MAX.
Tj = 125°C MIN.
Tj = 25°C TYP.
MAX.
Tj = 25°C TYP.
MAX.
Tj = 25°C MAX.
Tj = 25°C MAX.
Tj = 125°C MAX.
Tj = 110°C MIN.
Tj = 110°C MIN.
Tj = 110°C MIN.
Tj = 25°C TYP.
Values
10
1
0.15
25
60
30
65
1.3
2
200
500
0.1
0.3
600
Unit
mA
V
V
mA
mA
mA
mA
V
µA
µA
V/µs
A/ms
A/ms
V
®
2/8
ACS108-5Sx
AC LINE SWITCH BASIC APPLICATION
The ACS108 device is well adapted to washing machines, dishwashers, tumble driers, refrigerators, water
heaters and cookware. It has been especially designed to switch ON and OFF low power loads such as
solenoids, valves, relays, dispensers, micro-motors, fans, pumps, door locks and low power lamp bulbs.
Pin COM
Pin G
Pin OUT
: Common drive reference to connect to the power line neutral
: Switch Gate input to connect to the digital controller through the resistor
: Switch Output to connect to the load
This ACS™ switch is triggered with a negative gate current flowing out of the gate pin G. It can be driven
directly by the digital controller through a resistor as shown on the typical application diagram. No protec-
tion devices are required between the gates and common terminals.
The SOT-223 version allows several ACS108 devices to be connected on the same cooling PCB pad
which is the COM pin : this cooling pad can be then reduced, and the printed circuit layout is simplified.
In appliance systems, the ACS108 switch intends to drive low power load in full cycle ON/OFF mode. The
turn off commutation characteristics of these loads can be classified in 3 groups as shown in Table 1.
Thanks to its thermal and turn-off commutation characteristics, the ACS108 switch drives a load, such as
door lock, lamp, relay, valve and micro motor, up to 0.2 A without any turn-off aid circuit. Switching off the
ACS within one full AC line cycle will extend its current up to 0.8 A on resistive load.
Table 1:
Load grouping versus their turn off commutation requirement (230V AC applications).
LOAD
Load IRMS
current
(A)
< 0.3
< 0.8
Relay Valve
Dispenser
Micro-motor
Pump Fan
< 0.1
POWER
FACTOR
1
1
> 0.7
(dI/dt)c
(A/ms)
0.15
Door lock, lamp
< 0.2
< 0.6
TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM
O
so
b
te
le
r
P
uc
od
L
s)
t(
> 0.2
> 0.2
bs
-O
LOAD
0.4
< 0.05
et
l
o
P
e
(dV/dt)c
(V/µs)
0.15
0.15
<5
od
r
s)
t(
uc
< 10
< 20
< 10
TURN-OFF
DELAY
(ms)
< 0.1
< 0.3
< 10
< 10
< 10
< 20
AC
MAINS
N
L
R
OUT
S
ON
ACS108
D
COM
G
ST 72 MCU
- Vcc
®
3/8
ACS108-5Sx
HIGH INDUCTIVE SWITCH-OFF OPERATION
At the end of the last conduction half-cycle, the load current reaches the holding current level IH, and the
ACS™ switch turns off. Because of the inductance L of the load, the current flows through the avalanche
diode D and decreases linearly to zero. During this time, the voltage across the switch is limited to the
clamping voltage V
CL
.
The energy stored in the inductance of the load depends on the holding current I
H
and the inductance (up
to 10 H); it can reach about 20 mJ and is dissipated in the clamping section that is especially designed for
that purpose.
Fig. 1:
Turn-off operation of the ACS108 switch
with an electro valve: waveform of the gate current
IG, pin OUT current I
OUT
& voltage V
OUT
.
Fig. 2:
ACS108 switch static characteristic.
I
OUT
(10 mA/div)
I
OUT
V
CL
= 650V
I
H
I
H
V
OUT
(200V/div)
T
ime
(400µs/div)
AC LINE TRANSIENT VOLTAGE RUGGEDNESS
The ACS108 switch is able to safely withstand the AC line transient voltages either by clamping the low
energy spikes or by breaking over under high energy shocks.
The test circuit in Figure 4 is representative of the final ACS™ application and is also used to stress the
ACS™ switch according to the IEC61000-4-5 standard conditions. Thanks to the load, the ACS™ switch
withstands the voltage spikes up to 2 kV above the peak line voltage. It will break over safely even on resis-
tive load where the turn-on current rise is high as shown in Figure 4. Such non-repetitive testing can be
done 10 times on each AC line voltage polarity.
Fig. 3:
Overvoltage ruggedness test circuit for resis-
tive and inductive loads according to IEC61000-4-5
standard.
R = 150Ω, L = 5µH, V
PP
= 2kV.
b
O
so
te
le
r
P
R
uc
od
L
s)
t(
bs
-O
et
l
o
P
e
od
r
s)
t(
uc
V
CL
V
OUT
Fig. 4:
Current and voltage of the ACS™ during
IEC61000-4-5 standard test with a 150Ω - 10µH
load & V
PP
= 2kV.
Vout (200 V/div)
Iout (2 A/div)
OUT
AC LINE &
SURGE VOLTAGE
GENERATOR
S
ACSxx
V
AC
+ V
PP
D
dI/dt = 100 A/µs
ON
COM
G
R
G
= 220Ω
4/8
®
ACS108-5Sx
Fig. 5:
Maximum power dissipation versus RMS
on-state current.
P(W)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Fig. 6:
RMS on-state current versus ambient
temperature.
IT(RMS)(A)
ACS108-5SA (TO92, Tamb=Tlead)
ACS108-5SN with 5cm² copper surface under tab
ACS108-5SA (TO92)
IT(RMS)(A)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Tamb(°C)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100 110 120 130
Fig. 7-1:
Relative variation of thermal impedance
junction to ambient versus pulse duration
(ACS108-5SA) (TO-92).
Zth(j-a) / Rth(j-a)
1.00
Fig. 7-2:
Relative variation of thermal impedance
junction to ambient versus pulse duration
(ACS108-5SN) (SOT-223).
Zth(j-a) / Rth(j-a)
1.00
0.10
tp(s)
0.01
1E-3
1E-2
1E-1
1E+0
1E+1
Fig. 8:
Relative variation of gate trigger current
versus junction temperature.
IGT [Tj] / IGT [Tj=25°C]
3.0
2.5
b
O
1.5
1.0
0.5
2.0
so
-20
te
le
r
P
uc
od
s)
t(
1E+2 5E+2
bs
-O
0.01
1E-3
0.10
et
l
o
1E-2
P
e
1E-1
od
r
s)
t(
uc
tp(s)
1E+0
1E+1
1E+2 5E+2
Fig. 9:
Relative variation of holding and latch-
ing current versus junction temperature.
IH,IL [Tj] / IH,IL [Tj=25°C]
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
Tj(°C)
0.0
-40
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.2
0.0
-40
-20
0
20
Tj(°C)
40
60
80
100
120
140
®
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