MLX90401
Brushless DC Motor Controller
Features and benefits
•
12V to 40V operating range
•
BVDSS > 60V
•
On-chip “boost” voltage allows use of all
N-channel drivers
•
On-chip PWM oscillator
•
PWM speed control via bottom drivers
•
Forward and reverse control
•
Selectable 60° or 120° sensor electrical
phasing
•
Undervoltage lockout
•
Qualified for automotive applications
Ordering information
Part No.
MLX90401
Temperature Code
K (-40°C to 125°C)
Package Code
DF (300” SOIC24)
Application examples
•
Handheld Battery powered applications:
o
Power tools (drills, screwdrivers, etc.)
•
Electrical bicycles, wheelchairs, etc.
•
Automotive applications:
o
Manual HVAC Blowers
o
Water and other pumps
1 Pin configuration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Supply Voltage
V
REF
Out
Hall "A" Input
Hall "B" Input
Hall "C" Input
Fwd/Rev Input
Speed Adjust Input / Disable
Oscillator R/C
/Brake Input
Analog Ground
60°/120° Select Input
Power Ground
Cap Boost "A"
Gate Top "A"
Feedback "A"
Cap Boost "B"
Gate Top "B"
Feedback "B"
Cap Boost "C"
Gate Top "C"
Feedback "C"
Gate Bottom "A"
Gate Bottom "B"
Gate Bottom "C"
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
2 General description
The MLX90401 is a three-phase brushless DC
motor controller, designed to meet the needs of
high volume, low cost motors with 60
o
or 120°
electrical sensor phasing which do not require
the expensive options needed for servo or other
closed loop applications.
The use of CMOS technology offers dense logic
as well as high voltage (60V) driver capabilities.
The use of discrete low cost N-channel power
FETs reduces overall system cost and the
device provides all of the logic necessary to
interface Hall-effect position sensors to N-
channel power FETs. Upper N-channel power
FETs require a gate drive in excess of the
supply voltage V+, and with the device’s on-chip
“boost” voltage, the use of all N-Channel power
FETs is allowed. Control inputs are provided for
motor speed, forward or reverse direction,
disable, and braking. 60° or 120° electrical
sensor phasing can be set externally.
The device is offered in a 24 Lead Wide Body
SOIC package (DF).
Figure 1: Pin configuration
3901090401
Rev 005
Page 1 of 13
Data sheet
Oct/05
MLX90401
Brushless DC Motor Controller
Table of content
1 Pin configuration ..........................................................................................................1
2 General description ......................................................................................................1
3 Glossary of terms .........................................................................................................3
4 Pin definitions and description....................................................................................3
5 Absolute maximum ratings ..........................................................................................4
6 MLX90401 electrical specifications .............................................................................4
7 General description ......................................................................................................5
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 5
7.2 Block diagram ...................................................................................................................................... 6
7.3 Commutation decoding and output control logic.................................................................................. 7
7.4 Oscillator .............................................................................................................................................. 7
7.5 Disable ................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.6 Pulse width modulation ........................................................................................................................ 8
7.7 Drive outputs ........................................................................................................................................ 8
7.8 Undervoltage lockout ........................................................................................................................... 9
7.9 Logic table ............................................................................................................................................ 9
8 Application information..............................................................................................10
8.1 Evaluation Board................................................................................................................................ 10
8.2 Typical application.............................................................................................................................. 10
9 FAQ ..............................................................................................................................11
9.1 Bootstrap capacitor selection ............................................................................................................. 11
9.2 Motor Noise ........................................................................................................................................ 11
10 Reliability Information ..............................................................................................11
11 ESD Precautions .......................................................................................................12
12 FAQ ............................................................................................................................12
13 Package Information.................................................................................................12
14 Disclaimer..................................................................................................................13
3901090401
Rev 005
Page 2 of 13
Data sheet
Oct/05
MLX90401
Brushless DC Motor Controller
3 Glossary of terms
FET
PWM
Undervoltage
Overcurrent
Field Effect Transistor
Pulse Width Modulation
State in which the power supply voltage is lower than the operation range of the
device.
State in which the current flowing in a certain device (e.g. output driver, motor, etc.)
exceeds a maximum defined level. This includes both overload and short-circuit
currents.
4 Pin definitions and description
Pin
1
2
3-5
6
Symbol
Supply voltage
V
REF
Out
Hall "A", "B" and "C" Inputs
Fwd/Rev Input
Description
External power supply voltage.
Regulated reference voltage (12V) derived from V+.
Used to power external components and Hall-effect
sensors, and for boost voltage.
Hall IC open collect inputs.
Pull-up resistance of 3.3k to 5V.
The Forward/Reverse Input is used to change the
direction of motor rotation. A logic high state selects
forward direction; a logic low state selects reverse
direction.
Pull-up resistance of 3.3k to 5V.
Potentiometer input - adjusts the PWM duty cycle setting
current, allowing a manual speed adjustment.
Disable input can be used in combination with any type
of switch (thermal, Hall, etc.). A logic low on this pin
selects the disable function.
The Oscillator frequency is set with the values selected
for the timing components RRC and CRC.
A logic high state at this input allows the motor to run,
while a low state causes rapid deceleration.
Pull-up resistance of 3.3k to 5V.
Ground pin for analog blocks.
A logic high state on this pin selects 60° sensor electrical
phasing, a logic low state selects 120°.
Pull-up resistance of 3.3k to 5V.
Ground pin for digital and output drivers.
Three push-pull drivers for direct drive of bottom power
switch transistors.
Negative supply of the top drive circuitry. It is the
connection for the negative side of the bootstrap
capacitor, the top power FET Source, the bottom power
FET Drain, and the Phase C output.
Three push-pull drivers for direct drive of top power
switch transistors.
Positive supply of the top drive circuitry. The boost
capacitor is connected between this pin and Feedback.
7
Speed Adjust Input/Disable
8
9
10
11
12
13-15
16, 19, 22
Oscillator R/C
/Brake Input
Analog ground
60°/120° Select Input
Power Ground
Gate Bottom "A", "B" and
"C"
Feedback "A", "B" and "C"
17, 20, 23
18, 22, 24
Gate Top "A", "B" and "C"
Cap Boost "A", "B" and "C"
Table 1: Pin definitions and description
3901090401
Rev 005
Page 3 of 13
Data sheet
Oct/05
MLX90401
Brushless DC Motor Controller
5 Absolute maximum ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage, V
DD
(operating)
Output Voltage on pins Gate & Cap Boost
Voltage on Pins 17,18,20,21,23,24
Power Dissipation, P
D
Operating Temperature Range, T
A
Storage Temperature Range, T
S
Absolute maximum value
-0.3 to 45V
60V
-0.3 to 60V
500mW
-40 to 125°C
-40 to 125°C
Table 2: Absolute maximum ratings
6 MLX90401 electrical specifications
DC Operating Parameters T
A
= -40
o
C to 125
o
C
Parameter.
Supply voltage
Supply current
Output voltage
Output current
Undervoltage
Oscillator frequency
High state
Low state
High state input current
Low state input current
100% PWM state
0% PWM
1
Disable
1
High state input current
Low state input current
Debounce time (60°/120°
Select, Fwd/Rev)
2
Debounce time (/Brake)
2
Delay after start-up
3
Output current
1
Symbol
V
DD
I
DD
V
REF
I
REF
V
UV
f
OSC
V
IH
V
IL
I
IH
I
IL
Test Conditions
Operating
Operating
Voltage reference
Min
8
Typ
12-24
20
12
Max
44
35
15
10
Units
V
mA
V
mA
V
8
Undervoltage
Operating
Oscillator
Operating, R
OSC
=10kOhm,
C
OSC
=5nF
Logic inputs (Pins 2-6, 9, 11)
8
22
3.5
1.5
1.0
2.0
25
28
kHz
V
V
mA
mA
%Vref
%Vref
%Vref
mA
mA
ms
ms
ms
uA
1
Disable input (Pin 7)
V
100%PWM
V
0%PWM
V
DISABLE
I
IHDIS
I
ILDIS
Debouncing
t
delay1
t
delay2
t
delay3
Charge pumps
I
OCP
100
18
2.0
18.6
25
3.2
25.6
35
4.4
35.6
64.3
35.7
16
1.0
1.0
t
delay1
and t
delay2
depend on f
osc
and timing of the signals to be debounced. 60°/120° Select and Fwd/Rev
are debounced using a clock with a frequency of 256*f
osc
. /Brake is debounced using a clock with a
frequency of 32*f
osc
. Debouncing takes between 2 and 3 clock cycles. Typical example for, say 60°/120°
Select: 2.5*256*1/f
osc
= 2.5*256*1/25kHz = 25.6 ms.
3
t
delay3
depends on f
osc
. Precautions are taken that t
delay3
is
always
larger than t
delay1
, so that there are only
output signals when the chip is in the correct state.
3901090401
Rev 005
Page 4 of 13
Data sheet
Oct/05
2
Input levels of the DISABLE pin are defined internally by a resistor tree.
MLX90401
Brushless DC Motor Controller
Drivers
I
LOAD
= 50mA
I
LOAD
= 50mA
Top output on resistance
Bottom output on resistance
Rise time
Fall time
Turn-on propagation delay
Turn-off propagation delay
Leakage current
R
ONT
R
ONB
t
r
t
f
t
don
t
doff
I
OFF
32
32
150
150
300
300
-10
Ohm
Ohm
ns
ns
ns
ns
uA
Top drivers
V
OUT
= 60V
Table 3: MLX90401 electrical specifications
7 General description
7.1 Overview
The MLX90401 contains all functions for controlling three-phase brushless DC motors in open loop
applications.
The MLX90401 supports following control functions:
•
speed control
•
forward or reverse rotation
•
braking
•
disable
The chip contains:
•
a rotor position decoder for proper commutation sequencing
•
a voltage reference that supplies power for the sensors
•
a pulse width modulator (PWM) based on a frequency programmable sawtooth oscillator
•
three top and three bottom drivers
Using a bootstrap/charge pump combination, the MLX90401 also generates a boost voltage to drive the top
power FET. In this way the application only uses N-channel power FETS, to reduce overall system cost.
The MLX90401 provides commutation from Hall-effect sensors, and can be configured for motors with 60°
or 120° sensor electrical phasing, by means of a select pin.
Undervoltage lockout is provided.
3901090401
Rev 005
Page 5 of 13
Data sheet
Oct/05
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