- CONFIDENTIAL -
ZW0201
Z-Wave
TM
Single Chip
Low Power Z-Wave
TM
Transceiver with Microcontroller
SUMMARY
Controller, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI),
an Interrupt Controller and a UART for
connecting to peripheral devices. The chip is
designed for very low power and low voltage
applications.
The Z-Wave
TM
API is described in a separate
document: ‘Z-Wave
TM
ZW0201 Application
Programming Guide’.
FEATURES
Z-Wave
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TM
Single Chip
RF Transceiver
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Freq.: 868.42 MHz (EU) / 908.42 MHz (US)
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Data rate 9.6 kbit/s and 40 kbit/s
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High sensitivity:
9.6 kbit/s:
-104 dBm
40 kbit/s:
-101 dBm
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Excellent receiver linearity, IIP3: -6 dBm
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Requires very few external components
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Programmable output power –20 to 0 dBm
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FSK modulation
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HW Manchester coding/decoding (9.6 kbit/s)
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Complies with EN 300 220 and FCC CFR47
part 15
8051 Compatible Microcontroller
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Optimized 8051 MCU core. Six times the
performance of the original 8051
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16 MHz MCU clock frequency
Memory
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32 kbyte flash for Z-Wave
TM
API library and
customer application SW
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Read-back and write protection of flash
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Read/write/erase access to flash from MCU
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2 kbyte data SRAM (8051 XRAM)
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256 byte MCU internal SRAM (8051 IRAM)
Timers
•
Timers for Z-Wave
TM
API + Application SW
- Two 8051 compatible timers
- One 16 bit General Purpose Timer
(programmable for PWM)
•
Wake Up Timer in Sleep mode
Rev. 7 for Developers Kit v4.1x
1
RF Transceiver
Optimized 8051 Microcontroller
32 kbyte Flash Memory
2 kbyte SRAM
Triac Controller
Integrated I/O Peripherals:
SPI, UART and PWM
12 bit Rail to Rail ADC
Sleep Mode with Wake Up Timer
Watchdog Timer
Power-On Reset / Brown-Out Detector
Battery Monitoring
On-Chip Supply Regulators
Supply Voltage: 2.1-3.6 V
Small Package: 32 pin 5x5x0.9mm QFN
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The
ZW0201
Z-Wave
TM
Single Chip is a
complete wireless solution for home automation
consisting of an integrated RF transceiver, an
8051 microcontroller, a Z-Wave
TM
SW
Application Programming Interface (API) and
flash memory storage for user application SW.
All of the above is integrated into one single
chip. Moreover the
ZW0201
contains a 12 bit
ADC, 10 general purpose I/O pins, a Power-On-
Reset circuit / Brown-out detector, a Triac
Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
Zensys A/S
ZW0201
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Interfaces
•
10 configurable general purpose I/O pins
•
Programmable pull-up on all GPIO pins
•
High strength outputs
±
6 mA
•
One Schmitt Trigger input (e.g. for zero
crossing detection in triac controller app.)
•
Two input pins for external interrupts
Triac Controller
•
HW implementation
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
•
Slave in programming mode of internal flash
•
Master when interfacing to external
EEPROM
UART
•
9.6 kbaud, 38.4 kbaud or 115.2 kbaud
External Interrupts
•
Two edge or level triggered interrupts
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One interrupt can initiate wake up from
sleep mode
ADC
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12 or 8 bit resolution
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Four multiplexed inputs
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Maximum sampling rate 23.6 ksamples/s
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Reference: Internal, supply or external input
•
On-chip battery monitoring
(not supported in Developers Kit v4.1x API)
Power Management
•
Power down / Sleep mode with wake up
timer
Power-On Reset (POR) / Brown-Out Detector
•
Extremely low power consumption (also
active in sleep mode)
Power Consumption (typical values)
•
Sleep mode:
•
Normal mode (MCU, no RF):
•
Receiving:
•
Transmitting -5 dBm:
•
Transmitting +0 dBm:
2.5
μA
5.2 mA
23 mA
24 mA
36 mA
Development Tools
The user application SW can be compiled using
the 8051 C-compiler from Keil Software GmbH.
Please refer to the Keil homepage for
Embedded Development Tools
(www.keil.com). The ZW0201 can be
programmed using an EPSILON 5 II, an FS2003
or a PPM3 programmer from Equinox
Technologies Limited (www.equinox-tech.com).
ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW
Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the
ZW0201.
The central parts of the
ZW0201
are the RF
transceiver, the 8051 MCU including SRAM,
and the flash memory. In addition to the central
parts there are a number of peripheral functions
supporting the Z-Wave
TM
system. All functional
blocks are briefly described below:
Flash Memory
Z-Wave
TM
SW API
Application SW
2 kbyte
XRAM
256 byte
IRAM
GP Timer
Timer 0
Timer 1
WUT
XTAL
Driver
Clock
Control
RF
Transceiver
SPI
Controller
Interrupt
Controller
UART
Triac
Controller
SFR
8051W
ADC
Watchdog
Power
Supply
Regulators
POR /
Brown-out
Management
Modem
IO Interfaces
Figure 1: ZW0201 functional block diagram
Zensys A/S
2
ZW0201
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Supply Regulators
The supply regulators regulate the external
supply down to an internal 1.8 V supply. The on-
chip supply regulators significantly improve the
supply noise tolerance of the chip.
The POR circuit has an extremely low power
consumption and is always active even in Sleep
mode.
RF Transceiver
The transceiver is able to transmit and receive
9.6 kbit/s Manchester encoding and 40 kbit/s
with NRZ encoding. The RF modem handles all
the RF related functions such as Manchester
encoding / decoding, pre-ample detection and
serialization / deserialization.
The RF modem is able to listen for 9.6 kbit/s
data and 40 kbit/s data simultaneously enabling
systems where both speeds are used.
The output power of the transmitter PA (Power
Amplifier) is adjustable in steps of 2 dB. The
different parts of the RF transceiver can be
powered up/down so only the required circuits
are powered at all time.
The RF transceiver only needs external
components for input/output matching.
A block diagram of the Transceiver including RF
modem is given in Figure 2.
XTAL and System Clock
The
ZW0201
runs on a system clock that is
derived from an external crystal (XTAL). The
XTAL must be either 16 or 32 MHz with a
maximum tolerance of 27 ppm including
temperature and ageing.
The Clock Control divides the XTAL frequency
into two internal clocks: an 8 MHz clock for RF
circuits and a 16 MHz clock for MCU and
peripherals.
Power-On-Reset / Brown-out Circuit
The Power-On-Reset (POR) circuit eliminates
the need for external reset circuitry as it holds
the
ZW0201
in reset during power-on and
brown-out situations. The POR is designed with
glitch immunity and hysteresis for noise and
transient stability.
ZW0201
Modem
SFR
Modulator
RF Analogue Circuits
TX_IND
TX
Matching
TX
Frontend
Synthesizer
IF filter
RX
Frontend
RX_IND
RX
Matching
RF_IO
RF
signal
Demodulator
40 kBit/s
(NRZ)
Demodulator
9.6 kBit/s
(Manchester)
Figure 2: RF transceiver architecture
8051 MCU including Timer 0 & 1
The
ZW0201
contains an embedded 8051 MCU
core (Inventra M8051 Warp) including two
standard 8051 timers / counters.
The MCU is fully binary compatible with the
industry standard 803x/805x micro controllers.
The MCU completes one instruction cycle per
two clock cycles as opposed to the standard
8051 with 12 clock cycles per instruction cycle.
This makes the 8051W six times faster than the
standard 8051.
GPT
The General Purpose Timer is a versatile 16 bit
timer that can be polled or programmed to
generate interrupts. The timer is an auto-reload
counter with a fixed clock divider ratio of either 4
or 512.
The timer can also be set in PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) mode with the output on the
P1.6
Zensys A/S
3
ZW0201
- CONFIDENTIAL -
pin. The PWM is controlled using an 8 bit
register to set the high period and an 8 bit
register to set the low period.
The PWM timer counts using a fixed clock
divider ratio of either 4 or 512. Figure 3 shows
the timing of a PWM output.
Programmable
high period
Programmable
low period
lock bits can only be unlocked by erasing the
entire flash memory.
The flash memory is accessed and programmed
through the SPI serial interface.
Through the Developers Kit v4.0x API the
ZW0201
supports up to 70k write cycles for
application data.
Figure 3: PWM output
256 byte IRAM
This built-in IRAM is used by the MCU as 8051
internal data memory. The RAM may also be
accessed through direct instructions from the
MCU.
Wake Up Timer
The Wake Up Timer (WUT) is an ultra low
power timer that can be enabled in Sleep mode
/ power down to wake up the chip after a
programmable time period. The sleep period is
configurable in number of seconds and can be
set from 1 to 256 seconds. The WUT is based
on an internal oscillator that is automatically
calibrated against the system clock.
2 kbyte XRAM
The built-in 2 kbyte XRAM are used by the MCU
as “8051 external data” memory.
SFR
The SFR contains the 8051 Special Function
Registers that are used to control the operating
mode of the 8051 and the built-in peripherals.
The registers needed in a given application are
operated through the API.
Interrupt Controller
The
ZW0201
supports 10 interrupt sources
including two external interrupt sources on the
General Purpose I/O’s
P1.6
and
P1.7.
Some of
the interrupt sources are reserved by the
Z-Wave
TM
API. The Interrupt Controller controls
the interrupt priority assignment. The priority is
fixed by the Z-Wave
TM
protocol.
The external interrupt on
P1.7
can also be
enabled to wake up the chip from Sleep mode.
32 kbyte Flash Memory
The flash Memory is the MCU program memory
containing the Z-Wave
TM
API and the customer
application SW. The MCU also has the ability to
read, write and erase the flash.
The flash has a built-in read back protection in
order to prevent reverse engineering or design
theft. Clearing a dedicated lock bit in the flash
activates the read back protection. As long as
the lock bit is low it is not possible to read from
the flash externally (SPI). Other lock bits can
protect parts of the flash against writing
I
. The
Triac Controller
The
ZW0201
contains a Triac Controller for
power regulating applications. The Triac
Controller is compatible with 50-60 Hz. Using an
external triac and a few extra external passive
components a complete phase control circuit
can be designed. The controller is completely
implemented in HW in order to keep timing and
operation independent of SW and to minimise
MCU workload.
I
The boot page (page 0) can be write protected and a boot
sector can be defined that is write protected. The boot sector
starts from 7FFFF(hex) and downwards. The size of the
boot sector is programmable from zero pages up to the
entire flash. Neither MCU nor SPI can write to the boot
sector.
ADC
The ADC resolution can be set to 8 bit or 12 bit.
An 8 bit conversion takes less than half the time
of a 12 bit conversion.
Zensys A/S
4
ZW0201
- CONFIDENTIAL -
The ADC is rail to rail and can be programmed
to refer to V
DD
, V
SS
, a bandgap reference, or to
external references (upper and lower). The ADC
block includes a battery monitoring mode (no
external connections needed). This mode is not
supported by the API in Developers Kit v4.1x.
The ADC supports both single and (continuous)
multi conversion mode. It has a built-in
comparator for generating interrupts when a
threshold set by SW is exceeded. The threshold
can be either a low threshold or a high
threshold. Multi conversion mode is only
available for 8 bit mode.
It is possible to shut down the ADC for reducing
power consumption.
except the RAM’s, brown-out detection and
an optional low power timer (WUT).
In addition the ADC can be powered up or
down.
In Sleep mode it is possible to wake the MCU
up using an external interrupt source on
P1.7.
The source can be active low or active high. The
MCU can also be woken by the WUT or a reset
on the
RESET_N
pin (or by power cycling).
I/O Interfaces
The
ZW0201
has 10 configurable General
Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins with optional weak
internal pull-up. The GPIO pins are organized as
two ports:
P0.x
(2 bits) and
P1.x
(8 bits). The
GPIO pins have dual or even triple functionality:
User programmable from MCU and some
special HW functions (for instance SPI, ADC,
UART, TRIAC controller, etc.). Four of the GPIO
pins can be either analogue (for ADC) or digital.
In digital mode all GPIO pins are CMOS
compatible inputs/outputs.
The
RESET_N
pin has two purposes: 1)
External reset and 2) Enable programming
mode. When the
RESET_N
pin is pulled low a
master reset is generated. If the
RESET_N
is
held low for an extended period (refer to the
External Programming of Flash section) then the
chip accepts programming commands on the
SPI. The chip will not go into actual
programming mode until an SPI ‘Programming
Enable’ command is received.
Finally there are 5 dedicated analogue pins for
RF interface and crystal connections.
All GPIO pins will be set as inputs during reset.
This pin configuration is maintained after the
reset is released (until the SW changes the
setting).
Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI
The SPI has two purposes: 1) to provide
external access to the flash memory and 2) to
allow
ZW0201
to communicate with an external
EEPROM.
The
ZW0201
acts as SPI master when
interfacing to an external EEPROM. When using
the SPI for accessing the flash the SPI acts as a
slave.
UART
The
ZW0201
UART is independent of the 8051
MCU and does not occupy any timer resources.
The UART supports full duplex and can operate
with the following three baud rates : 9.6 kbaud,
38.4 kbaud, or 115.2 kbaud.
Power Control
The Power Control Block controls the chip’s
different power saving modes. The
ZW0201
basically supports two power saving modes
below:
•
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Normal mode
The MCU is running. The RF circuits and
the ADC can be powered up or down.
Sleep mode / power down mode
Lowest power mode. Everything shut down
Pin Definitions
The pin definitions for the
ZW0201
can be found
in Table 1.
Zensys A/S
5
ZW0201
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