19-1431; Rev 4; 6/05
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
General Description
The MAX2104 low-cost direct-conversion tuner IC is
designed for use in digital direct-broadcast satellite
(DBS) television set-top box units. Its direct-conversion
architecture reduces system cost compared to devices
with IF-based architectures. The MAX2104 directly con-
verts L-band signals to baseband signals using a
broadband I/Q downconverter. The operating frequency
range extends from 925MHz to 2175MHz.
The IC includes an LNA gain control, I and Q downcon-
verting mixers, lowpass filters with gain control and fre-
quency control, a local oscillator (LO) buffer with a 90°
quadrature network, and a charge-pump based PLL for
frequency control. The MAX2104 also has an on-chip
LO, requiring only an external varactor-tuned LC tank
for operation. The output of the LO drives the internal
quadrature generator and dual modulus prescaler. An
on-chip crystal amplifier drives a reference divider as
well as a buffer amplifier to drive off-chip circuitry. The
MAX2104 is offered in a 48-pin TQFP-EP package.
o
Low-Cost Architecture
o
Operates from Single 5V Supply
o
925MHz to 2175MHz Input Frequency Range
o
On-Chip Quadrature Generator, Dual-Modulus
Prescaler (/32, /33)
o
On-Chip Crystal Amplifier
o
PLL Mixer with Gain-Controlled Charge Pump
o
Input Levels: -25dBm to -65dBm per Carrier
o
Over 40dB Gain Control Range
o
Noise Figure = 11.5dB; IIP3 = 7dBm (at 1550MHz)
o
Automatic Baseband Offset Correction
o
Loopthrough Replaces External Splitter
o
Crystal Output Buffer
Features
MAX2104
Ordering Information
PART
MAX2104CCM*
MAX2104CCM+
TEMP RANGE
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
PIN-
PACKAGE
48 TQFP-EP**
48 TQFP-EP**
PKG
CODE
C48E-10
C48E-10
Applications
DirecTV, PrimeStar, EchoStar DBS Tuners
DVB-Compliant DBS Tuners
Broadband Systems
LMDS
*Contact
factory for availability.
**EP
= Exposed paddle.
+Denotes
lead-free package.
Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
Pin Configuration
CP
FB
TOP VIEW
48
47
46
45
GND
V
CC
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
GND
V
CC
PSOUT-
PSOUT+
TANK+
VRLO
TANK-
GND
V
CC
CFLT
XTL-
XTL+
GND
V
CC
RFIN-
RFIN+
GND
GND
QDC-
QDC+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
36
35
EP
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
MAX2104
PLLIN-
PLLIN+
MOD-
MOD+
GND
IOUT+
IOUT-
V
CC
QOUT+
QOUT-
FDOUB
FLCLK
XTLOUT
CPG2
GC1
GC2
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
IDC+
GND
GND
RFOUT
CPG1
V
CC
TQFP
INSEL
IDC-
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
MAX2104
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V
CC
to GND .............................................................-0.5V to +7V
All Other Pins to GND.................................-0.3V to (V
CC
+ 0.3V)
RF1+ to RF1-, RF2+ to RF2-, TANK+ to TANK-,
IDC+ to IDC-, QDC+ to QDC- ............................................±2V
IOUT_, QOUT_ to GND Short-Circuit Duration ......................10s
PSOUT+, PSOUT- to GND Short-Circuit Duration .................10s
Continuous Current (any pin)..............................................20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
(derate 30.4mW/°C above +70°C) ..................................2.43W
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
FB
= 2.4V, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, RFIN_ = floating, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, T
A
= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Operating Supply Voltage
Operating Supply Current
Digital Input Voltage High
Digital Input Voltage Low
Digital Input Current
FLCLK Input Voltage High
FLCLK Input Voltage Low
FLCLK Input Current (Note 1)
Common-Mode Input Voltage
Input Voltage Low (Note 2)
Input Voltage High (Note 2)
Input Current (Note 1)
DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL OUTPUTS (PSOUT+, PSOUT-)
Common-Mode Output Voltage
Output Voltage Low (Note 3)
Output Voltage High (Note 3)
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
Prescaler Ratio
Reference Divider Ratio
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 0.5V
Charge-Pump Output High
Measured at FB
V
CPG1
= 0.5V, V
CPG2
= 2.4V
V
CPG1
= 2.4V, V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V
(V
MOD+
- V
MOD-
) = 200mV
(V
MOD+
- V
MOD-
) = -200mV
32
33
8
0.08
0.24
0.48
1.44
0.1
0.3
0.6
1.8
32
33
8
0.12
0.36
0.72
2.16
mA
V
CMO
Referenced to V
CMO
Referenced to V
CMO
150
2.16
2.4
-215
215
2.64
-150
V
mV
mV
V
CMI
Referenced to V
CMI
Referenced to V
CMI
100
-5
5
R
SOURCE
= 50kΩ, V
FLCLK
= 1.65V
-1
1.08
1.2
DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL INPUTS (MOD+, MOD-, PLLIN+, PLLIN-)
1.32
-100
V
mV
mV
µA
SYMBOL
V
CC
I
CC
V
IH
V
IL
I
IN
-15
1.85
1.45
+1
2.4
0.5
+10
CONDITIONS
MIN
4.75
190
TYP
MAX
5.25
275
UNITS
V
mA
V
V
µA
V
V
µA
STANDARD DIGITAL INPUTS (FDOUB, INSEL, CPG1, CPG2)
SLEW-RATE-LIMITED DIGITAL INPUTS
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
FB
= 2.4V, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, RFIN_ = floating, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, T
A
= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Charge-Pump Output Low
Measured at FB
Charge-Pump Output Current
Matching Positive to Negative
Charge-Pump Output Leakage
Charge-Pump Output Current
Drive (Note 1)
ANALOG CONTROL INPUTS (GC_)
Analog Control Input Current
Differential Output Voltage
Swing
Common-Mode Output Voltage
(Note 1)
Offset Voltage (Note 1)
I
GC_
V
GC_
= 1V to 4V
-50
+50
µA
BASEBAND OUTPUTS (IOUT+, IOUT-, QOUT+, QOUT-)
R
L
= 2kΩ differential
1
0.65
-50
0.85
+50
V
P-P
V
mV
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= 0.5V, V
CPG2
= 2.4V
V
CPG1
= 2.4V, V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V
Measured at FB
Measured at FB
Measured at CP
MIN
-0.12
-0.36
-0.72
-2.16
-5
-25
100
TYP
-0.1
-0.3
-0.6
-1.8
MAX
-0.08
-0.24
-0.48
-1.44
5
25
UNITS
MAX2104
mA
%
nA
µA
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, T
A
= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
RF FRONT END
RFIN_ Input Frequency Range
RFIN_ Input Power for 0.59Vp-p
Baseband Levels
RFIN_ Input Third-Order Intercept
(Note 4)
RFIN_ Input Second-Order
Intercept (Note 5)
Output-Referred 1dB
Compression Point (Note 6)
Noise Figure
IP3
RFIN_
f
RFIN
Single
carrier
V
GC1
= V
GC2
= +4V (min gain)
V
GC1
= V
GC2
= +1V (max gain)
925
-20
-68
5
7
8
15.5
2
dBm
dBV
dBm
-65
2175
MHz
dBm
dBm
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
f
LO
= 2175MHz
PRFIN_ = -25dBm per
f
LO
= 1550MHz
tone
f
LO
= 950MHz
P
RFIN_
= -25dBm per tone,
f
LO
= 951MHz
P
RFIN_
= -40dBm,
signals within filter bandwidth
P
RFIN_
= -65dBm, f
RFIN_
= 1550MHz,
V
GC1
= 1V, V
GC2
adjusted 0.59Vp-p
baseband level
f
RFIN_
= 925MHz
f
RFIN_
= 2175MHz
Average level of V
IOUT_
, V
QOUT_
Average level of V
IOUT_
, V
QOUT_
27
31
IP2
RFIN_
P1
dBOUT_
NF
11.5
10
10
38
dB
RFIN_ Return Loss (Note 7)
LO 2nd Harmonic Rejection (Note 8)
LO Half Harmonic Rejection (Note 9)
dB
dBc
dBc
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
MAX2104
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, T
A
= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
LO Leakage Power (Notes 7, 10)
RFOUT PORT (LOOPTHROUGH)
f = 925MHz
RFIN_ to RFOUT Gain (Note 11)
f = 1550MHz
f = 2175MHz
f = 925MHz
RFOUT Output Third-Order
Intercept Point (Note 11)
f = 1550MHz
f = 2175MHz
f = 925MHz
RFOUT Noise Figure (Note 11)
RFOUT Return Loss (Notes 1, 11)
BASEBAND CIRCUITS
Output Real Impedance (Note 1)
Baseband Highpass Frequency
(Note 1)
LPF -3dB Cutoff-Frequency Range
(Note 1)
Baseband Frequency Response
(Note 1)
LPF -3dB Cutoff-Frequency
Accuracy (Note 1)
Ratio of In-Filter-Band
to Out-of-Filter-Band Noise
Quadrature Gain Error
Quadrature Phase Error
IOUT_, QOUT_
C
IDC_
= C
QDC_
= 0.22µF
Controlled by FLCLK signal
Deviation from ideal 7th order, Butterworth,
up to 0.7 x f
C
f
FLCLK
= 0.5MHz, f
C
= 8MHz
f
FLCLK
= 1.25MHz, f
C
= 19.3MHz
f
FLCLK
= 2.0625MHz, f
C
= 31.4MHz
f
IN_BAND
= 100Hz to 22.5MHz,
f
OUT_BAND
= 67.5MHz to 112.5MHz
Includes effects from baseband filters,
measured at 125kHz baseband
Includes effects from baseband filters,
measured at 125kHz baseband
8
-0.5
-5.5
-10
-10
19
1.2
4
50
750
33
+0.5
+5.5
+10
+10
dB
dB
degrees
%
Ω
Hz
MHz
dB
f = 1550MHz
f = 2175MHz
925MHz < f < 2175MHz
0.5
1.8
2.5
9
7
4
15
12
11.5
8
dB
dB
dBm
dB
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
Measured at RFIN_
MIN
TYP
-66
MAX
UNITS
dBm
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, T
A
= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYNTHESIZER
SYNTHESIZER
XTLOUT Output Voltage Swing
XTLOUT Output Voltage DC
Crystal Frequency Range (Note 1)
MOD+, MOD- Setup Time (Note 1)
MOD+, MOD- Hold Time (Note 1)
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
LO Tuning Range (Note 1)
At 1kHz offset, f
LO
= 2175MHz
LO Phase Noise (Notes 7, 12)
RFIN_ to LO Input Isolation
(Note 10)
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
Note 4:
At 10kHz offset, f
LO
= 2175MHz
At 100kHz offset, f
LO
= 2175MHz
f
RFIN_
= 2150MHz
590
-55
-75
-95
57
dB
dBc/Hz
1180
MHz
t
SUM
t
HM
Figure 1
Figure 1
4
7
0
Load = 10pF | | 10kΩ, f
XTLOUT
= 6MHz
0.75
1
2
7.26
1.5
V
P-P
V
MHz
ns
ns
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
MAX2104
Minimum and maximum values are guaranteed by design and characterization over supply voltage.
With external 100Ω termination resistor.
Driving differential load of 10kΩ || 15pF.
Two signals are applied to RFIN_ at f
LO
- 100MHz and f
LO
- 199MHz. V
GC2
= 1V; V
GC1
is set such that the baseband out-
puts are at 590mV
P-P
. IM products are measured at baseband outputs but are referred to RF inputs.
Note 5:
Two signals are applied to RFIN_ at 1200MHz and 2150MHz. V
GC2
= 1V, V
GC1
is set such that the baseband outputs are
at 590mV
P-P
. IM products are measured at baseband outputs but are referred to RF inputs.
Note 6:
P
RFIN_
= -40dBm so that front end IM contributions are minimized.
Note 7:
Using L64733/L64734 demo board from LSI Logic.
Note 8:
Downconverted level, in dBc, of carrier present at f
LO
x 2, f
LO
= 1180MHz, f
VCO
= 590MHz, V
FDOUB
= 2.4V.
Note 9:
Downconverted level, in dBc, of carrier present at f
O
/ 2, f
LO
= 2175MHz, f
VCO
= 1087.5MHz, V
FDOUB
= 2.4V.
Note 10:
Leakage is dominated by board parasitics.
Note 11:
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= 0.5V, f
FLCLK
= 0.5MHz.
Note 12:
Measured at tuned frequency with PLL locked. All phase noise measurements assume tank components have a Q > 50.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
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