T H AT
Corporation
FEATURES
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OutSmartsÔ technology tames
clipping behavior into single-ended
loads
Pin-compatible with SSM2142
Balanced, floating output delivers
transformer-like behavior
Stable when driving long cables
and capacitive loads
THAT 1430 delivers low output
offset voltage using single capacitor
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OutSmartsä
Balanced Line Drivers
THAT
1420, 1430
APPLICATIONS
Differential Line Driver
Audio Mix Consoles
Distribution Amplifiers
Audio Equalizers
Dynamic Range Processors
Digital Effects Processors
Telecommunications Systems
Instrumentation
Hi-Fi Equipment
Description
The THAT 1420 and 1430 are a new genera-
tion of audio differential line drivers with im-
proved
performance
over
conventional
cross-coupled monolithic designs. Both models
exhibit low noise and distortion, high slew rate,
stability under difficult loads, wide output swing,
and have outputs which are short-circuit pro-
tected.
In addition both models incorporate patented
OutSmartsÔ technology, a dual feedback-loop de-
sign that prevents the excessive ground currents
typical of cross-coupled output stages (CCOS)
when clipping into single-ended loads
1
.
To overcome this problem, the THAT 1420
and 1430 use two individual negative-feedback
loops to separately control the differential output
voltage and common mode output currents, mak-
ing the design inherently more stable and less
sensitive to component tolerances than the CCOS.
Most importantly, the dual-feedback design pre-
vents the loss of common-mode feedback that
plagues the CCOS designs, avoiding the excessive
ground currents and overly-distorted output
waveform that can result when driving sin-
gle-ended loads.
Where minimum output offset voltage with
minimum parts count is desired, the THAT 1430
further improves over existing designs. In con-
ventional CCOS circuits, two relatively high-value
electrolytic capacitors are required to reduce the
offset voltage. By contrast, the THAT 1430 topol-
ogy requires only a resistor and a single film or
ceramic capacitor to achieve the same effect at
lower parts count and price.
DIP Pin
Number
Out-
C
EXT
Sens+
5k
In+
Din+
Cin+
Cin-
Gnd
5k
Din-
10k
Dout-
10k
10p
20k
THAT 1420
10k
50
SO Pin
Number
3
4
5
6
11
12
13
14
1420 Pin
Name
Out-
Sens-
Gnd
In
Vee
Vcc
Sens+
Out+
1430 Pin
Name
Out-
Cap2
Gnd
In
Vee
Vcc
Cap1
Out+
Vcc
1
2
3
4
5
C
EXT
A
D
& A
C
Dout+
10k
10k
10k
20k
Sens-
Vee
50
Out+
6
7
8
Figure 1. THAT 1420 Equivalent Circuit Diagram
Table 1. THAT 1420/1430 pin assignments
1. See Gary Hebert’s paper, An Improved Balanced, Floating Output Driver IC, presented at the 108th AES Convention, Feb. 2000
THAT Corporation; 45 Sumner Street; Milford, Massachusetts 01757-1656; USA
Tel: +1 (508) 478-9200; Fax: +1 (508) 478-0990; Web: www.thatcorp.com
Page 2
THAT1420/1430 Balanced Line Driver
Preliminary Information
SPECIFICATIONS
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (T
A
= 25°C)
Positive Supply Voltage (Vcc)
Negative Supply Voltage (Vee)
Output Short Circuit Duration
Power Dissipation (P
D
)
+18 V
-18 V
Continuous
TBD mW
Operating Temperature Range (T
OP
)
Storage Temperature (T
ST
)
Junction Temperature (T
J
)
Lead Temperature (T
LEAD
)(Soldering 60 sec)
-40 to +85°C
-40 to +150°C
150°C
300°C
Electrical Characteristics
3
Parameter
Input Impedance
Gain
Symbol
Z
IN
G1
R
L
=600W
Balanced
Single Ended
Gain
G2
R
L
=100kW
Balanced
Single Ended
DC Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
Output Common-Mode
Rejection Ratio
Output Signal Balance Ratio
THD+N (Balanced)
THD+N (Single Ended)
Output Noise
Headroom
Slew Rate
Output Common Mode
Voltage Offset
THAT1420
Output Common Mode
Voltage Offset
THAT1430
PSRR
±4V to ±18V
5.8
5.8
80
6
6
105
6.2
6.2
dB
dB
dB
4.35
4.4
4.65
4.6
4.95
4.8
dB
dB
Conditions
Min.
4
Typ.
5
Max.
Units
kW
OCMRR
SBR
THD+N
1
THD+N
2
SNR
HR
SR
V
OCM
V
OCM
V
OCM
V
OCM
f=1kHz, BBC Method
f=1kHz, BBC Method
20Hz-20kHz
1kHz
V
O
=10 V
RMS
, R
L
=600W, 20Hz-20kHz
Bal. Mode, 20 kHz BW
0.1% THD+N
50
28
68
40
0.001
0.0005
0.0018
-104
25
16
dB
dB
%
%
%
dBV
dBV
V/mS
300
6
400
20
mV
mV
mV
mV
R
L
=600W, w/o Sense capacitors
R
L
=600W, w/ Sense capacitors
R
L
=600W, w/o Sense capacitor
R
L
=600W, w/ Sense capacitor
-300
-6
-400
-20
±60
±4
±80
±10
2. All specifications are subject to change without notice.
3. All measurements taken with V
S
=±18, T=25°C, unless otherwise noted
THAT Corporation; 45 Sumner Street; Milford, Massachusetts 01757-1656; USA
Tel: +1 (508) 478-9200; Fax: +1 (508) 478-0990; Web: www.thatcorp.com
Rev. 4/24/01
Preliminary Information
Page 3
Electrical Characteristics (cont’d.)
Parameter
Differential Output Offset
Differential Output
Voltage Swing,Pos
Differential Output
Voltage Swing,Neg
Output Impedance
Quiescent Supply Current
Short Circuit Output Current
Voltage Supply Range
Z
O
I
S
I
SC
Unloaded, V
IN
= 0
60
±4
Symbol
V
OOD
Conditions
R
L
=600W
V
IN
= ±18V
V
IN
= ±18V
40
Min.
-10
Typ.
±4
V
CC
-2
V
EE
+2
50
4
70
±18
60
5.2
Max.
10
Units
mV
V
V
W
mA
mA
V
Theory of Operation
OutSmartsÔ technology
The THAT 1420 and 1430 are similar devices,
both employing the OutSmarts topology, a variation
of circuitry originally developed at Audio Toys, Inc.
OutSmarts topology employs two negative-feedback
loops -- one to control the differential signal, and a
separate loop to control the common mode output
levels.
Figures 2 and 3 show the gain core common to
both the THAT 1420 and 1430. The gain core is a
single amplifier that includes two differential input
pairs, C
in+/-
and D
in+/-
, and complementary outputs,
V
out+
and V
out-,
related to each other by two gain ex-
pressions, A
D
(s) and A
C
(s). The first pair of differen-
tial inputs, D
in+/-
, are connected to the differential
feedback network between the outputs and the input
signal. The second differential input pair, C
in+/-
, is
connected to a bridge circuit which generates an er-
ror signal that is used to servo the common-mode be-
havior of the outputs. The loop equations are then,
D
OUT
+
-
D
OUT
-
= D
D
OUT
=
A
D
(
D
IN
+
-
D
IN
-
)
where A
D
is the differential open-loop gain, and
D
OUT
+
+
D
OUT
-
=
å
D
OUT
=
A
C
(
C
IN
+
-
C
IN
-
)
where A
C
is the common-mode open-loop gain.
THAT 1420
10k
50
Vcc
Out-
C
EXT
Sens+
5k
In+
Din+
Cin+
Cin-
10k
Dout-
10k
10p
20k
A
D
& A
C
Dout+
10k
10k
10k
20k
Sens-
Gnd
5k
Din-
Vee
50
Out+
C
EXT
Figure 2. THAT 1420 Equivalent Circuit Diagram
THAT Corporation; 45 Sumner Street; Milford, Massachusetts 01757-1656; USA
Tel: +1 (508) 478-9200; Fax: +1 (508) 478-0990; Web: www.thatcorp.com
Page 4
THAT1420/1430 Balanced Line Driver
Preliminary Information
THAT 1430
C
EXT
Cap2
R
EXT
50
10k
10k
Dout-
Cap1
Vcc
Out-
5k
In+
Din+
Cin+
Cin-
10k
10p
7k
A
D
& A
C
Dout+
10k
10k
10k
7k
Gnd
5k
Din-
Vee
50
Out+
Figure 3. THAT 1430 Equivalent Circuit Diagram
These equations can be solved much like standard
op-amp loop equations, and for the differential case,
we can see that (using superposition) resistor feed-
back results in
D
IN
+
=
(
13
D
OUT
-
+
D
IN
-
=
1
3
D
OUT
+
2
3
In
+
)
tached load, and in any event doesn't yield much
insight into the device's operation.
In op-amp analysis or in the above derivation, the
combination of negative feedback and high open-loop
gain results in the open-loop gain "dropping out" of
the equation, and the differential inputs being forced
to the same potential. If we start with that assump-
tion, we can intuitively discern the operation of the
common-mode feedback loop as follows:
Referring again to Figures 2 and 3, the com-
mon-mode input actually senses the sum of the IC's
output currents by way of two 50 ohm resistors and
the bridge network (the 10pF capacitor simply limits
the maximum frequency at which this action occurs).
The resulting error signal is amplified and then
summed into both outputs, with the net effect being
to force the sum of the currents to be zero, and thus
the common mode output current to zero. Since this
is negative feedback, the common-mode loop can
raise the effective output impedance at audio fre-
quencies without the side effects of circuits that use
positive feedback to implement this function.
and
Substituting and simplifying into the equation that
defines differential operation yields
D
D
OUT
=
- D
D
A
D
(
3
OUT
+
2
3
In
+
)
Dividing through by A
D
(assuming that A
D
>> 3) and
simplifying yields
D
D
OUT
=
2
(
In
+
)
as one would expect for a +6dB line driver.
The derivation for the common mode equation is
more complicated
1
in that it is dependent on the at-
THAT Corporation; 45 Sumner Street; Milford, Massachusetts 01757-1656; USA
Tel: +1 (508) 478-9200; Fax: +1 (508) 478-0990; Web: www.thatcorp.com
Rev. 4/24/01
Preliminary Information
Page 5
VCC
VCC
C4
100n
6
In
4
Vcc
8
In Sens+
Out+
3
Out-
Gnd Sens-
1
Vee
U1
2
THAT1420
5
7
C6
100n
2
7
In-
Vcc
6 Out
Out
Ref
Vee
1
3
In+
U2
4
THAT1243 or equiv.
C7
100n
C5
100n
VEE
VEE
Figure 4. Basic THAT 1420 applications circuit
Applications
Circuit implementations using the THAT
1420/1430 are relatively straightforward. A quiet,
solid ground reference, stiff voltage supplies, and ad-
equate supply bypassing are all that is required to
achieve excellent performance out of both ICs. Both
devices are stable into any capacitive load, and the
maximum capacitance is limited only by slew rate
and frequency response considerations.
itance. The corner frequency of the THAT 1420/1430
driving 500 ft of this cable will be
f
C
=
pF
1
2
´p ´
100
W´
500 ( 30
ft
+
25
pF
ft
+
25
pF
ft
)
»
40
kHz
One must also consider the slew rate limitations
posed by excessive cable and other capacitances. We
know that
i
=
C
dV
dt
and that
dV
dt
For the purposes of the frequency response calcu-
lation, the line driver’s 50W sense resistors can be
lumped into a single 100W resistor. The correct ca-
ble capacitance to use is the sum of the
inter-conductor capacitance and the two conduc-
tor-to-shield capacitances. Unfortunately, some man-
ufacturers
only
specify
the
inter-conductor
capacitance and the capacitance of one conductor to
the other while connected to the shield, and some ex-
traction may be required.
=
V
Peak
´
2p
´
f
As an example, one manufacturer supplies a
shielded, twisted pair with 30pF/ft of inter-conductor
capacitance and 25pF/ft of conductor to shield capac-
4. Copyright
ã
1991 Rane Corporation
Rane Corporation has published a document titled
4
RaneNote 126 , which specifies some of the require-
ments for a balanced line driver, including a)
stablility into reactive loads, b) output voltage swing
of at least ±11 volts peak (+20dBu), and c) reliabil-
ity. This document also suggests a reasonable rule
by which to calculate the output current require-
ments at 20kHz. The author concludes that the ac-
THAT Corporation; 45 Sumner Street; Milford, Massachusetts 01757-1656; USA
Tel: +1 (508) 478-9200; Fax: +1 (508) 478-0990; Web: www.thatcorp.com
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